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The commander’s dilemma

https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343316653645
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Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055413000221openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403973696openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2013.785458openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2013.879489openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12001openalex-snapshot
DRAWN INTO VIOLENCE: EVIDENCE ON “WHAT MAKES A CRIMINAL” FROM THE VIETNAM DRAFT LOTTERIES
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The American Combat Soldier in Vietnam
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1978.tb02546.xopenalex-snapshot
Military Socialization and Masculinity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5893.2007.00304.xopenalex-snapshot
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Tiger Force: A True Story of Men and War
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The Things They Carry
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Shirts Today, Skins Tomorrow
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343311415302openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343313514073openalex-snapshot
Ideology in civil war
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343315595927openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329208329755openalex-snapshot
Armed Groups and Sexual Violence: When Is Wartime Rape Rare?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x7500200108openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x9402000403openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/014616720202800710openalex-snapshot
Relationship of War-Zone Coping Strategies to Long-Term General Life Adjustment Among Vietnam Veterans: Combat Exposure as a Moderator Variable
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894215570428openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692894006003004openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/104346399011003001openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-76.3.579openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1348/096317902321119583openalex-snapshot
Newcomer adjustment: The relationship between organizational socialization tactics, information acquisition and attitudes
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.0.0045openalex-snapshot
The Military and the Transition to Adulthood
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1353/jhr.2010.0010openalex-snapshot
Does Combat Exposure Make You a More Violent or Criminal Person?: Evidence from the Vietnam Draft
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804786355-016openalex-snapshot
Social science history
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1525/jlca.1998.4.1.2openalex-snapshot
Hegemony in the Interior of The Salvadoran Revolution: The Erp in Northern Morazán
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.2005.20.5.589openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.1.59openalex-snapshot
Population Attributable Fractions of Psychiatric Disorders and Behavioral Outcomes Associated With Combat Exposure Among US Men
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/20034079openalex-snapshot
Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/20047512openalex-snapshot
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Promised Land
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v2i0.8430openalex-snapshot
The Appetitive Aggression Scale—development of an instrument for the assessment of human's attraction to violence.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429482762-7openalex-snapshot
On Killing: the psychological cost of learning to kill in war and society*
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.55540/0031-1723.2159openalex-snapshot
S. L. A. Marshall’s Men Against Fire: New Evidence Regarding Fire Ratios
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-4282openalex-snapshot
Agents of atrocity: leaders, followers, and the violation of human rights in civil war
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.43-6714openalex-snapshot
Ivan's war: life and death in the Red Army, 1939-1945
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.44-5891openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-7055openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.7591/9780801467172openalex-snapshot
Final Solutions

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Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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Remnants of Civil Life and Civil Potential in Post-civil War Settings
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Intrinsic Social Incentives in State and Non-State Armed Groups
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0043887120000180openalex-snapshot
Practical Ideology in Militant Organizations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s1049096517001056openalex-snapshot
Ideology in Armed Groups
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Ethics Abroad: Fieldwork in Fragile and Violent Contexts
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What Should We Mean by “Pattern of Political Violence”? Repertoire, Targeting, Frequency, and Technique
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Pandemic Pass? Treaty Derogations and Human Rights Practices During COVID-19
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2025.2577990openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2026.2668103openalex-snapshot
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New Frontiers in Rebel Socialisation: Considering Care and Marriage
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2024.2302729openalex-snapshot
Rebel Governance Structures and Violence in Apartheid South Africa
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Armed Group Consolidation: Charting a Field of Inquiry
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2150517openalex-snapshot
Can the International Criminal Court prevent sexual violence in armed conflict?
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Bringing Perpetrator and Victim Identities into Empirical Ethnic Conflict Research
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Emergence, Development, and Impact of Population Displacement in Damascus During Syria’s Civil War
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Soldiers of Arabia: Explaining Compulsory Military Service in the Gulf
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Natural Resource Exploitation and Sexual Violence by Rebel Groups
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Loyalty or Accountability? Public Attitudes to Holding Soldiers Accountable for the Murder and Abuse of Civilians
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Meta-Analysis of Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict: Implications for a Women, Peace, and Security Agenda
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Under the Roof of Rebels: Civilian Targeting After Territorial Takeover in Sierra Leone
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Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and the Re-Escalation of Lethal Violence
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Foreign Fighters and Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab031openalex-snapshot
Rebel Fragmentation and the Recruitment of Child Soldiers
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Sexual Violence by the State: The Role of Political Institutions in Sexual Violence Perpetration
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Friends in the Profession: Rebel Leaders, International Social Networks, and External Support for Rebellion
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Rebel Child Soldiering and Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqad077openalex-snapshot
Fair-Weather Abusers? Civil War Dynamics and the Onset of State-Sponsored Violence
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Comrades in Arms? Rebel Leadership Roles and Coups in Rebel Regimes
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Organizational Bricolage and Insurgent Group Effectiveness in Cities: The Formation and Initial Urban Campaign of the Movement of the 19th of April in Colombia (1973–1980)
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Cleansing the Caliphate: Insurgent Violence against Sexual Minorities
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Deploying Justice: Strategic Accountability for Wartime Sexual Violence
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Pink Slips from the Underground: Changes in Terror Leadership
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Civilians, Control, and Collaboration During Civil Conflict
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Why Do Military Officers Condone Sexual Violence? A General Theory of Commander Tolerance
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Exposure to Violence as Explanatory Variable: Meaning, Measurement, and Theoretical Implications of Different Indicators
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Centering Human Subjects: The Ethics of “Desk Research” on Political Violence
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The Islamic State's Pattern of Sexual Violence: Ideology and Institutions, Policies and Practices
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Impact of Rebel Group Ideology on Wartime Sexual Violence
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Ideology and the Implicit Authorization of Violence as Policy: The Myanmar Military's Conflict-Related Sexual Violence against the Rohingya
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogae049openalex-snapshot
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Fractured Brotherhoods: Ethnic Identity in Multi-Ethnic Violent Political Groups
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The Strategic Logic of Ethnoterritorial Competition: Violence against Civilians in Africa's Civil Wars
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A Motion of No Confidence: Leadership and Rebel Fragmentation
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Beyond genocide: Towards an improved analysis and understanding of the Syrian regime's mass atrocity crimes in the Syrian Civil War
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00207152261459080openalex-snapshot
Because we were angry: The formal laws of war versus the military subculture’s code to violence in the Vietnam War and war in Iraq
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022002717721612openalex-snapshot
Ethnic Cleansing and the Politics of Restraint: Violence and Coexistence in the Lebanese Civil War
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022002718785003openalex-snapshot
UN Peacekeeping and Protection from Sexual Violence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022002719826234openalex-snapshot
Networks of Cooperation: Rebel Alliances in Fragmented Civil Wars
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022002719828053openalex-snapshot
The Silent Victims of Sexual Violence during War: Evidence from a List Experiment in Sri Lanka
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022002719831069openalex-snapshot
Does Peacekeeping Really Bring Peace? Peacekeepers and Combatant-perpetrated Sexual Violence in Civil Wars
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022002719899443openalex-snapshot
Conflict-related Sexual Violence and Rebel Group Fragmentation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022002720937750openalex-snapshot
Voting for Militants: Rebel Elections in Civil War
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00220027211027311openalex-snapshot
Indirect Governance at War: Delegation and Orchestration in Rebel Support
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00220027221074898openalex-snapshot
Losing Hearts & Minds: Aid and Ideology
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00220027231154813openalex-snapshot
Recruiting Rebels: Introducing the Rebel Appeals and Incentives Dataset
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00220027231169260openalex-snapshot
Rebel Leader Age and the Outcomes of Civil Wars
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00220027231195385openalex-snapshot
Following Orders or Following the Oath? Assessing Democratic Norm Endorsement Among Service Academy Cadets
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00220027241269952openalex-snapshot
Insurgent Conscription for Capacity and Control: State Violence and Coerced Recruitment in Civil War
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00220027251321756openalex-snapshot
Secessionism and Wartime Sexual Violence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022343317715300openalex-snapshot
Armed group institutions and combatant socialization
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022343317720487openalex-snapshot
The persistence of sexual assault within the US military
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318804594openalex-snapshot
When do ties bind? Foreign fighters, social embeddedness, and violence against civilians
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318806940openalex-snapshot
Fratricide in rebel movements: A network analysis of Syrian militant infighting
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022343319826629openalex-snapshot
Ideology and armed conflict
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022343320970272openalex-snapshot
Thinking outside the (temporal) box to explain protracted intrastate conflict
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022343320983424openalex-snapshot
The diversity of repression: Measuring state repressive repertoires with events data
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00223433211010861openalex-snapshot
Combatant Socialization and Norms of Restraint: Examining Officer Training at the U.S. Military Academy and Army ROTC
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00223433211044674openalex-snapshot
Repertoires of conflict-related sexual violence: Introducing the RSVAC data package
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00223433221077920openalex-snapshot
Introducing ROLE: A database of rebel leader attributes in armed conflict
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00223433221147940openalex-snapshot
Rebel human rights abuses during civil wars: Introducing the rebel human rights violations dataset
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00223433241290315openalex-snapshot
The role of subgroup leaders in combatant socialization and resocialization: The British re-education program for German POWs (1946–1948)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00223433241305907openalex-snapshot
Women’s economic rights and sexual violence in civil conflict
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x20981696openalex-snapshot
Female Combatants and Wartime Rape: Reconsidering the Role of Women in Armed Conflict
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x211026355openalex-snapshot
What Makes a Military Professional? Evaluating Norm Socialization in West Point Cadets
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x231193152openalex-snapshot
The Rebel and the Politician: Developing a Typology of Insurgent Civil–Military Relations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/02633957231195456openalex-snapshot
Ideology, organisation, and path dependency: The use of violence among Egyptian Islamist movements
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0738894217733878openalex-snapshot
Studying the Internet and Violent conflict
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/07388942211033229openalex-snapshot
Ideological motives and taxation by armed groups
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0967010619895663openalex-snapshot
The body weaponized: War, sexual violence and the uncanny
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1043463120966989openalex-snapshot
On-Side fighting in civil war: The logic of mortal alignment in Syria
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1354066118823891openalex-snapshot
Rogues, degenerates, and heroes: Disobedience as politics in military organizations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1354066119832074openalex-snapshot
Risky dis/entanglements: Torture and sexual violence in conflict
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/2053168020971891openalex-snapshot
Capturing group alignments: Introducing the Government and Armed Actors Relations Dataset (GAARD)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-024-00403-1openalex-snapshot
Uprooting, removing and relocating populations: The role and significance of internal displacement in the syrian regime’s integrated military–political war strategy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/sociojuridicos/a.10019openalex-snapshot
La violencia sexual como práctica de guerra: Implicaciones para la investigación y enjuiciamiento de crímenes atroces
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.35698.32965openalex-snapshot
Revisiter le pouvoir de la propagande et les répercussions de l'imagerie haineuse : The Impact of Propaganda Cartoons on the Perpetration of Sexual Violence during the Rwandan Genocide
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1515/9781501766305openalex-snapshot
Beyond the Lines
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5258545openalex-snapshot
Rebels Caught Between Needs and Norms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5393196openalex-snapshot
Inter-Group Learning and Diffusion in Militant Alliances: Evidence from Kidnapping
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.22024/unikent/03/fal.743openalex-snapshot
Gender, Social Networks and Conflict Processes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2023-23-1-20-36openalex-snapshot
The Logic of International Response to Anti-Violence and Sexual Integrity Agenda in Violent Conflict: Case of MINUSCA
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/y8kedopenalex-snapshot
Pandemic Pass? Treaty Derogations and Human Rights Practices During COVID-19
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3366/dlgs.2024.0551openalex-snapshot
Ingrid Olderock and Her Torturing Dogs: On Commanders
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01338openalex-snapshot
Staying Engaged in Terrorism: Narrative Accounts of Sustaining Participation in Violent Extremism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/app12073258openalex-snapshot
Perception of the Special Troops (Commando) Soldiers Regarding Physical Fitness, Motor Control and Psychological Skills
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4324/9781315525099-19openalex-snapshot
Wartime Sexual Violence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5129/001041525x17479189593937openalex-snapshot
From Insurgent to Incumbent: Ideology, Rebel Governance, and Statebuilding after Rebel Victory in Civil Wars
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7916/d82z161mopenalex-snapshot
Sexual Violence in Civil Wars: Strength, Organizational Control, and Rebel Groups
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