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Looking on the Bright Side: Downward Counterfactual Thinking in Response to Negative Life Events
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Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
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Counterfactuals as Behavioral Primes: Priming the Simulation Heuristic and Consideration of Alternatives
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Assault on the Self: Positive Illusions and Adjustment to Threatening Events
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Downward Comparison as a Coping Mechanism
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Social comparison after success and failure: Biased search for information consistent with a self-serving conclusion
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On the confluence of self processes
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An affirmed self and an open mind: Self-affirmation and sensitivity to argument strength
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Counterfactual Thinking: The Intersection of Affect and Function
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The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self
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Maintaining One's Self-Image Vis-à-Vis Others: The Role of Self-Affirmation in the Social Evaluation of the Self
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Social support for the bereaved: Recipients' and providers' perspectives on what is helpful.
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Long-term adjustment to physical disability: The role of social support, perceived control, and self-blame.
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Compensatory self-inflation: A response to the threat to self-regard of public failure.
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Social comparison in adjustment to breast cancer.
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The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.
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Defensive pessimism, optimism, and stimulating alternatives: Some ups and downs of prefactual and counterfactual thinking.
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The cultural construction of self-enhancement: An examination of group-serving biases.
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Mood, self-esteem, and simulated alternatives: Thought-provoking affective influences on counterfactual direction.
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The impact of motivation on temporal comparisons: Coping with traumatic events by perceiving personal growth.
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Being accepted for who we are: Evidence that social validation of the intrinsic self reduces general defensiveness.
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Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation.
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Dissonance processes as self-affirmation.
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Downward comparison, prejudice, and evaluations of others: Effects of self-esteem and threat.
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Enhancement and denial in socially desirable responding.
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Effects of social comparison direction, threat, and self-esteem on affect, self-evaluation, and expected success.
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Assessment, enhancement, and verification determinants of the self-evaluation process.
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The functional basis of counterfactual thinking.
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Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism: Does the West feel more vulnerable than the East?
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Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.5.928openalex-snapshot
The frequency of temporal-self and social comparisons in people's personal appraisals.
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Divergent consequences of success and failure in Japan and North America: An investigation of self-improving motivations and malleable selves.
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Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.
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Downward comparison principles in social psychology.
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Is there a universal need for positive self-regard?
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Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.96.4.569openalex-snapshot
Social comparison activity under threat: Downward evaluation and upward contacts.
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Estimating and testing mediation and moderation in within-subject designs.
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Self-Threat Magnifies the Self-Serving Bias: A Meta-Analytic Integration
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930302275openalex-snapshot
Counterfactuals, emotions, and context
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Defensive Pessimism and Optimism: The Bitter-Sweet Influence of Mood on Performance and Prefactual and Counterfactual Thinking
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It Could Be Worse: Selective Evaluation as a Response to Victimization
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Social Comparison Among Individuals With Rheumatoid Arthritis1
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Counterfactual Production and Achievement Orientation in Competitive Athletic Settings1
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Downward comparison and coping with serious medical problems.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672002611011openalex-snapshot
When Beliefs Yield to Evidence: Reducing Biased Evaluation by Affirming the Self
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672002612011openalex-snapshot
Culture and Positive Illusions in Close Relationships: How My Relationships Are Better than Yours
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201278009openalex-snapshot
Counterfactual Thinking and Self-Motives
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271326openalex-snapshot
Culture and Social Comparison Seeking: The Role of Self-Motives
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167295212002openalex-snapshot
The Undoing of Traumatic Life Events
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167295216008openalex-snapshot
Outcome Controllability and Counterfactual Thinking
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167296226002openalex-snapshot
Self-Blame Following a Traumatic Event: The Role of Perceived Avoidability
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167299025005002openalex-snapshot
Gaining Control through Counterfactual Thinking
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A Reflection and Evaluation Model of Comparative Thinking
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Assumptive Worlds and the Stress of Traumatic Events: Applications of the Schema Construct
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Coping and the Simulation of Events
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.1997.15.4.274openalex-snapshot
Affective Determinants of Counterfactual Thinking
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.1998.16.2.267openalex-snapshot
Mood, Self-Esteem, and Counterfactuals: Externally Attributed Moods Limit Self-Enhancement Strategies
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An Analysis of Coping in a Middle-Aged Community Sample
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What might have been: the social psychology of counterfactual thinking
What points at this work
Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
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Cultural Differences in Counterfactual Thinking and the Hindsight Bias
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Goal attainment as a resource: The cushion effect in risky choice above a goal
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Self‐improvement or hedonic enjoyment? Effect of romantic experiences on consumer product preferences
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For Better or Worse: The Impact of Counterfactual Explanations’ Directionality on User Behavior in xAI
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Trauma and Meaning Making: Converging Conceptualizations and Emerging Evidence
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For Better and For Worse: Frequent Gamblers Use Dual Counterfactuals to Justify Continued Gambling
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Counterfactual Thinking About In-Group Versus Out-Group Others
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The Functional Theory of Counterfactual Thinking: New Evidence, New Challenges, New Insights
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Your writing could have been better: Examining the effects of upward and downward counterfactual communication on the motivational aspects of L2 writing
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The relative effects of abstract versus concrete rumination on the experience of post-decisional regret
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When do refugees regret their decision to flee? The role of perceived forcedness, perils during migration and counterfactual thinking
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Social identity threat and consumer preferences
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“It could have been worse”: Developmental change in the use of a counterfactual consoling strategy
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Culture, self-construal, and affective reactions to successful and unsuccessful others
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Out of proportion? The role of leftovers in eating-related affect and behavior
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Grandiose narcissism shapes counterfactual thinking (and regret): Direct and indirect evidence
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Improving workplace safety by thinking about what might have been: A first look at the role of counterfactual thinking
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My language ability could have been better or worse: Examining how upward and downward counterfactual thinking predict self-efficacy and language performance
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Is fiction a remedy for our wish to live many lives? Testing a popular assumption among contemporary readers
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The impact of negative moods on self-enhancing cognitions: The role of reflective versus ruminative mood orientations.
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Crisis decision theory: Decisions in the face of negative events.
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Ethnicity moderates the outcomes of self-enhancement and self-improvement themes in expressive writing.
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Charitable giving: How ego-threats impact donations of time and money
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Self-referent upward counterfactual thinking mediates the relationship between self-compassion and depression
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Development and Validation of the Counterfactual Thinking for Negative Events Scale
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How thinking about what could have been affects how we feel about what was
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“We shouldn’t waste a good crisis”: the lived experience of working on the frontline through the first surge (and beyond) of COVID-19 in the UK and Ireland
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Failed charity fundraising and strengthened benevolence: the counterfactual thinking effect in fundraising outcome feedback
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Experimental manipulations of self-affirmation: A systematic review
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A Study of Posttraumatic Stress and Growth in Tsunami Relief Volunteers
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Self-referent upward counterfactuals and depression: Examining regret as a mediator
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Counterfactual-based nudging and signaling promote more efficient coordination during group tasks
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Dissociative versus Associative Responses to Social Identity Threat: The Role of Consumer Self-Construal
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Teacher Equity and Cultural Implications for Educational Administration
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Transitions, Decisions, and Regret
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Observed Trauma in the PICU and Parental Meaning Making*
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Polarized imagination: partisanship influences the direction and consequences of counterfactual thinking
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The excess choice effect: The role of outcome valence and counterfactual thinking
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Being nice by choice: The effect of counterfactual reasoning on children's social evaluations
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Counterfactual thought in reasoning and performance
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Culture and Social Comparison Seeking: The Role of Self-Motives
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How Far to the Road Not Taken? The Effect of Psychological Distance on Counterfactual Direction
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The Making of Might-Have-Beens
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From Misperception to Social Connection: Correlates and Consequences of Overestimating Others’ Social Connectedness
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Counterfactual Thinking in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
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There But for the Grace of God
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Individualism-Collectivism (I-C) indices do not mediate the negative association between non-referent downward counterfactual thinking and prevention pride in Australian university students
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Individualism-Collectivism (I-C) indices do not mediate the negative association between non-referent downward counterfactual thinking and prevention pride in Australian university students
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Social Identity Threat and Across-Domain Compensatory Consumption Intention
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Selective exposure: The impact of collectivism and individualism
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Dispositional optimism weakly predicts upward, rather than downward, counterfactual thinking: A prospective correlational study using episodic recall
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Meaning and inconsistencies of meaning – exploring the perspectives of Norwegian veterans in Afghanistan
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Effects of Acceptance and Downward Contrast on Subjective Agingwell
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الإسهام النسبی للتفکیر المغایر والترکیز التنظیمی والاستراتیجیات المعرفیة لتنظیم الانفعال فی أسالیب اتخاذ القرار
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“If Only …”: The Role of Visual Imagery in Counterfactual Thinking
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Dynamic equity theory : modeling pay for performance's cross-level effect
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Self-Enhancement and Learning from Performance Feedback
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When People Don’t Realize Their Career Desires: Toward a Theory of Career Inaction
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Investigating the effectiveness of scarcity appeals as a function of culture
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