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Mapping the drivers of negative campaigning: Insights from a candidate survey

https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512121994512
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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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The Effects of Negative Comparative Political Advertising on Candidate Evaluations and Advertising Evaluations: An Exploration
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Fear and Loathing in Populist Campaigns? Comparing the Communication Style of Populists and Non-populists in Elections Worldwide
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Women on the Battleground: Does Gender Condition the Use of Negative Campaigning?
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The effects of tone, focus, and incivility in election debates
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The Consequences of Validated and Self-Reported Voting Measures
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Does Personal Campaigning Make a Difference?
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Spiral of Cynicism
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Interpersonal Conflict, Agreeableness, and Personality Development
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Negative Campaigning in Western Europe: Similar or Different?
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Theorizing Religious Effects Among American Adolescents
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Variability in Citizens’ Reactions to Different Types of Negative Campaigns
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Backlash Effects in Attack Politics1
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Candidate Character Traits in the 2012 Presidential Election
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Donald Trump, Populism, and the Age of Extremes: Comparing the Personality Traits and Campaigning Styles of Trump and Other Leaders Worldwide
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The Big Five Personality Traits in the Political Arena
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The Communication Styles Inventory (CSI)
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Attack politics from Albania to Zimbabwe: A large-scale comparative study on the drivers of negative campaigning
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Candidate Strategy and the Decision to Go Negative
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Characterizing Aggressive Behavior
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Voter Responses to Negative Political Ads
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Religious Priming
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Party system change and negative campaigning in New Zealand
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815610966openalex-snapshot
When do candidates attack in election campaigns? Exploring the determinants of negative candidate messages in German televised debates
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815619832openalex-snapshot
Who will attack the competitors? How political parties resolve strategic and collective action dilemmas in negative campaigning
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Competitive Positioning, Deracialization, and Attack Speech
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Measures of Campaign Negativity: Comparing Approaches and Eliminating Partisan Bias
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Roaring Candidates in the Spotlight: Campaign Negativity, Emotions, and Media Coverage in 107 National Elections
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1300/j199v03n01_01openalex-snapshot
Local Political Context and Negative Campaigns
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A Directional Theory of Issue Voting
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Campaign Professionalism and Fundraising in Congressional Elections
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Communication in Political Campaigns
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The SAGE Handbook of Political Advertising
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Political Advertising in the United Kingdom
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Women as Political Communicators: Candidates and Campaigns
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The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender
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Communication Yearbook 29
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3.2 Die Kandidaten und ihr Wahlkampf
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Political advertising in the United States
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Going negative: how attack ads shrink and polarize the electorate

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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The Media Industry of Incivility
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Visuelle Personalisierung des Negative Campaigning: Eine Konzeptualisierung anlässlich des Wahlkampfes auf Instagram
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Two-stage classifier for detecting campaign negativity with axis embeddings in persian tweets
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2025.102724openalex-snapshot
Can term limits reduce political sabotage? Evidence from negative campaigning in gubernatorial races
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The dark side of the mood. Candidate evaluation, voter perceptions, and the driving role of (dark) personality traits
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Negative campaigning is “dark”—Not just disagreeable or dishonest: Results from German candidates' self-reports
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Beyond rationality. Toward a more comprehensive understanding of the use of negative campaigning
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Political Psychology Analysis of Voter Behavior in the Election of Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Makassar Sakkarang Subdistrict Community Makassar City
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Hardwired to attack. Candidates’ personality traits and negative campaigning in three European countries
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Engaging citizens? The role of negativity and incivility on politicians’ social media
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A Short Scale to Measure Self-Reported Aversive Personality in Political Elites
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Is Negative Campaigning a Response to a Dynamic Polling Environment? Evidence from Facebook and Twitter Posts by German Party Leaders in the 2021 German Federal Election
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Topical Negative Campaigning Under Spatial Pressure: Party-Level Strategies for Attacks Across Multiple Issues
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Attacks and Issue Competition: Do Parties Attack Based on Issue Salience or Issue Ownership?
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Gendered Backlash Depends on the Context. Reassessing Negative Campaigning Sanctions Against Female Candidates via Large-Scale Comparative Data
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Representation or reprehension? Radical-right electoral competition, satisfaction with democracy, and voter turnout
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Playing nice? A longitudinal analysis of gender differences in negative campaigning on social media
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Negative campaigning and electoral mobilization: empirical evidence from German state elections
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Dark Politics
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Copyright Page
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Tables and Figures
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Preface and Acknowledgments
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Notes
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Online Supplementary Materials
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197681756.002.0009openalex-snapshot
Epilogue
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Introduction
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Dark Politicians, Populism, and Dark Campaigns
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Can Dark Politicians Win Elections?
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Who Likes Dark Politicians?
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Dark Consequences?
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Conclusion
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Methodological Primer for the Expert Survey
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Candidates and Elections
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Dark Personality Experiment
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Parties’ attack behaviour in parliaments: Who attacks whom and when
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Resource windfalls and political sabotage: Evidence from 5.2 million political ads
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Tailored negativity. Campaign consultants, candidate personality, and attack politics
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Negative Campaigning and Vote Choice: Rationale, Trends, and Future Research
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Unreliable and Invalid? Not So Fast: A Multistudy Empirical Assessment of the ‘Directional’ Measure of Negative Campaigning
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Does Negativity Pay Off? The Impact of Political Party Attributes on the Use and Performance of Negative Campaigning in Digital Political Advertising
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Do Politicians Knowingly Create Conflict to Gain Media Attention?: How Politicians Navigate a Mediatized Environment Characterized by Negativity and Conflict
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Beyond a Negativity Bias: Explaining the Consumption of Positive and Negative Political Information Using WebTracking and Experience Sampling Data
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Are candidates rational when it comes to negative campaigning? Empirical evidence from three German candidate surveys
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“Dark” positivity: Do candidates with a more aversive personality use positive campaigning more often?
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Converging to the mean? Moderating ideologies of far-right and far-left parties in government
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Gender, perceptions of benefits and costs, and negative campaigning. Evidence from German candidate surveys
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Understanding the communicative strategies used in online political advertising and how the public views them
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Give the Media What They Need: Negativity as a Media Access Tool for Politicians
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Incivility Among Politicians: Driven by Rational Minds or Personal Drives?
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Negatív kampány Magyarországon - A negatív kampány megjelenése az 1998 és 2018 közötti választási kampányokban
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Ênfase seletiva e interação estratégica: a eleição presidencial de 2022 no horário gratuito de propaganda eleitoral
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“Liars” and “Frauds”: A Longitudinal Study of Negativity on Austrian Election Posters
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Who Are the “Dark” Politicians? Insights From Self-Reports of German State Parliament Candidates
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The Decision to Go Negative: Election Types, Candidate Characteristics, and Electoral Competition
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The Role of Gender in Parliamentary Attacks and Incivility
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Negatividad en procesos electorales. Análisis comparativo del discurso de odio difundido por los líderes políticos catalanes en su cuenta oficial de Twitter y en televisión
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The Influence of the Negative Campaign on Facebook: The Role of Political Actors and Citizens in the Use of Criticism and Political Attack in the 2016 Spanish General Elections
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The Negative Campaign on Telegram: The Political Use of Criticism during the 2021 Community of Madrid Elections
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Natężenie kampanii negatywnych w Polsce w latach 2007–2019
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Political Campaign Ethics on Twitter Based on Local Ethnic in Indonesia
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Misinformation in India's 2019 National Election
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KI und datengesteuerte Kampagnen: Eine Diskussion der Rolle generativer KI im politischen Wahlkampf
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Political communication in mobile instant messaging services. The strategic use of Telegram as a digital electoral campaign tool
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