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Infants Understand Others’ Needs

https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615627426
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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.05.006openalex-snapshot
Eighteen-month-old infants show false belief understanding in an active helping paradigm
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.08.004openalex-snapshot
Socio-cognitive influences on the domain-specificity of prosocial behavior in the second year
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.008openalex-snapshot
Varieties of altruism in children and chimpanzees
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00058-4openalex-snapshot
Infants selectively encode the goal object of an actor's reach
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(99)00007-7openalex-snapshot
Infants’ ability to distinguish between purposeful and non-purposeful behaviors
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511664007openalex-snapshot
The Perceived Self
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00041790openalex-snapshot
Intentional relations and social understanding
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05000129openalex-snapshot
Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.2.328openalex-snapshot
Unwilling Versus Unable: Infants' Understanding of Intentional Action.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.40.1.121openalex-snapshot
Is altruism part of human nature?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019718openalex-snapshot
Cognitive and social influences on early prosocial behavior in two sociocultural contexts.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06288openalex-snapshot
Social evaluation by preverbal infants
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12066openalex-snapshot
The Emergence of Prosocial Behavior: Why Do Infants and Toddlers Help, Comfort, and Share?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12377openalex-snapshot
The Autonomous Developmental Pathway: The Primacy of Subjective Mental States for Human Behavior and Experience
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2007.tb00227.xopenalex-snapshot
Helping and Cooperation at 14 Months of Age
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12094openalex-snapshot
On the Nature of Toddlers' Helping: Helping or Interest in Others' Activity?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12104openalex-snapshot
Helping Children Help: The Relation between Maternal Scaffolding and Children's Early Help
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1121448openalex-snapshot
Altruistic Helping in Human Infants and Young Chimpanzees
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612440571openalex-snapshot
Young Children Are Intrinsically Motivated to See Others Helped
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1348/000712609x442096openalex-snapshot
The roots and branches of human altruism
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075130openalex-snapshot
Infants Help a Non-Human Agent

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2247openalex-snapshot
Do toddlers prefer that agents help similar or dissimilar needy agents?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00606-6openalex-snapshot
Prosocial attention in children with and without autism spectrum disorder: Dissociation between anticipatory gaze and internal arousal
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-023-01514-5openalex-snapshot
Establishment of Prosocial Behavior in Early Childhood and Its Neurophysiological Mechanisms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-023-01986-8openalex-snapshot
A new rationalist account of the development of false-belief understanding
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-021-00459-7openalex-snapshot
Empirical assumptions behind the violation of expectation experiments in human and non-human animals
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-29246-0.00005-5openalex-snapshot
Natural versus artificial intelligence: AI insights from the cognitive sciences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2018.11.001openalex-snapshot
The Science of Early Moral Development: on Defining, Constructing, and Studying Morality from Birth
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2024.07.007openalex-snapshot
The origins of moral sensitivities: Probing infants’ expectations, evaluations, generalization, and enforcement of moral norms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.06.011openalex-snapshot
Culture and early social-cognitive development
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2018.01.001openalex-snapshot
How (not) to measure infant Theory of Mind: Testing the replicability and validity of four non-verbal measures
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105533openalex-snapshot
Not Just If, But How Much: Children and Adults Use Cost and Need to Make Evaluations About Generosity Across Contexts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2017.12.004openalex-snapshot
Young infants expect an unfamiliar adult to comfort a crying baby: Evidence from a standard violation-of-expectation task and a novel infant-triggered-video task
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.036openalex-snapshot
From being nice to being kind: development of prosocial behaviors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.040openalex-snapshot
Beyond dichotomies — (m)others' structuring and the development of toddlers' prosocial behavior across cultures
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.014openalex-snapshot
The early emergence of sociomoral evaluation: infants prefer prosocial others
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.001openalex-snapshot
Editorial overview: Early development of prosocial behavior: Revealing the foundation of human prosociality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2018.11.004openalex-snapshot
Why do infants help? A simple action reveals a complex phenomenon
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102144openalex-snapshot
Empathy development from birth to three: Advances in knowledge from 2000 to 2025
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104841openalex-snapshot
Toddlers’ costly helping in three societies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105206openalex-snapshot
Competence-based helping: Children’s consideration of need when providing others with help
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101467openalex-snapshot
Children older than five years do not approve of wasting food: An experimental study on attitudes towards food wasting behavior in children and adults
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.010openalex-snapshot
The relation between young children's physiological arousal and their motivation to help others
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164openalex-snapshot
Motivating Self and Others
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164.001openalex-snapshot
Preface
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164.002openalex-snapshot
Motivation and Optimal Functioning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164.003openalex-snapshot
Self-Direction
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164.004openalex-snapshot
Core Personal Goals
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164.005openalex-snapshot
Motivational Systems Theory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164.006openalex-snapshot
Thriving with Social Purpose
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164.007openalex-snapshot
Evolutionary Origins of Social Purpose
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164.008openalex-snapshot
Life Meaning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164.009openalex-snapshot
Guiding Principles for Motivating Self and Others
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164.010openalex-snapshot
Your Toolbox for Motivating Self and Others
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164.011openalex-snapshot
References
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869164.012openalex-snapshot
Index
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108894357.021openalex-snapshot
Origins, Development, and Variation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108894357.023openalex-snapshot
Moral Babies? Evidence for Core Moral Responses in Infants and Toddlers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53110-3openalex-snapshot
Preverbal infants’ understanding of social norms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70828-2openalex-snapshot
11-month-olds recognize the teacher–student relationship
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817849116openalex-snapshot
Toddlers and infants expect individuals to refrain from helping an ingroup victim’s aggressor
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022385119openalex-snapshot
Sex and age differences in “theory of mind” across 57 countries using the English version of the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2021.1998064openalex-snapshot
Dissociable Mechanisms for Diverse Prosocial Behaviors: Counting Skills Predict Sharing Behavior, but Not Instrumental Helping
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2022.2124259openalex-snapshot
The Role of Intentionality in Infants’ Prediction of Helping and Hindering
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2019.1680360openalex-snapshot
How evaluation of protective third-party interventions and the relationship context interact at 21 months
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/2153599x.2022.2131892openalex-snapshot
A systematic review of the association between religiousness and children’s prosociality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/cdpers/aadag018openalex-snapshot
From one to many: Mapping the multiple facets of infants' social cognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.001.0001openalex-snapshot
A Scientific Search for Altruism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.002.0003openalex-snapshot
Copyright Page
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0001openalex-snapshot
An Unsettling Surprise
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0002openalex-snapshot
What We’re Looking For
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0003openalex-snapshot
How to Find It
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0004openalex-snapshot
The Prime Suspect
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0005openalex-snapshot
Avoiding Shame and Guilt
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0006openalex-snapshot
Pursuing Pride
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0007openalex-snapshot
One Way to Feel Better
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0008openalex-snapshot
The Pleasure of Empathic Joy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0009openalex-snapshot
A Gang
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0010openalex-snapshot
Self–Other Merging
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0011openalex-snapshot
Premature Release of the Prime
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0012openalex-snapshot
How Can It Be?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0013openalex-snapshot
Some Good News
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0014openalex-snapshot
Some Bad
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0015openalex-snapshot
After the Fall
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.001.0001openalex-snapshot
Empathic Concern
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.002.0003openalex-snapshot
Copyright Page
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.002.0005openalex-snapshot
Epilogue
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0001openalex-snapshot
Introduction
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0002openalex-snapshot
A Definition—and a Measure
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0003openalex-snapshot
Distinguishing Empathic Concern from Personal Distress
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0004openalex-snapshot
Distinguishing It from Other Things Called Empathy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0005openalex-snapshot
Necessary Conditions for Feeling Empathic Concern
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0006openalex-snapshot
Empathic Concern’s Evolutionary Roots
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0007openalex-snapshot
Varieties of Empathic Concern
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0008openalex-snapshot
Motivational Consequences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0009openalex-snapshot
Behavioral Consequences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0010openalex-snapshot
Behavioral Consequences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0011openalex-snapshot
Behavioral Consequences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0012openalex-snapshot
Behavioral Consequences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610923.003.0013openalex-snapshot
Realizing the Potential of Empathic Concern
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544754.013.49openalex-snapshot
Emotion and Empathy in Great Apes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/amhid-01-2022-0005openalex-snapshot
A review of recent clinical measures that can be used to support psychological therapies with adults with intellectual disabilities
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12331openalex-snapshot
Do infants expect others to be helpful?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12636openalex-snapshot
Cultural Influences on Toddlers’ Prosocial Behavior: How Maternal Task Assignment Relates to Helping Others
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13054openalex-snapshot
Modeling Prosocial Behavior Increases Helping in 16-Month-Olds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13710openalex-snapshot
Scaffolding the emergence of infant helping: A longitudinal experiment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13160openalex-snapshot
Finish What you Started: 2‐Year‐Olds Motivated by a Preference for Completing Others’ Unfinished Actions in Instrumental Helping Contexts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12804openalex-snapshot
From understanding others' needs to prosocial action: Motor and social abilities promote infants' helping
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13569openalex-snapshot
Toddlers’ Helping Behavior Is Affected by the Effortful Costs Associated With Helping Others
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/desc.70181openalex-snapshot
Amazed or Amused: Infants’ Appraisal of Violations of Expectation in a Naturalistic Context
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12367openalex-snapshot
How do toddlers evaluate defensive actions toward third parties?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12381openalex-snapshot
A longitudinal study of the differential social‐cognitive foundations of early prosocial behaviors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3434074.3447126openalex-snapshot
Infants Respond to Robot's Need for Assistance in Pursuing Action-based Goals
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120321-033548openalex-snapshot
The Representation of Third-Party Helping Interactions in Infancy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121020-023312openalex-snapshot
Human Morality Is Based on an Early-Emerging Moral Core
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1159/000517406openalex-snapshot
The Two-Front Forever War: Moral Nativism and Its Critics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00183openalex-snapshot
Young Children’s Understanding of Helping as Increasing Another Agent’s Utility
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/17456916241262693openalex-snapshot
The Cognitive Architecture of Infant Attachment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-018-0108-xopenalex-snapshot
Maternal socialization goals and the spontaneous prosocial behavior of children in rural contexts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2022.124171openalex-snapshot
Review on the Relationship between Children’s Peer Attachment and Social Behavior
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263653openalex-snapshot
Visual perspective-taking ability in 7- and 12-month-old infants
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320371openalex-snapshot
Early empathy development: Concern and comforting in 9- and 18-month-old infants from Uganda and the UK
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332718openalex-snapshot
No clear evidence for a domain-general violation of expectation effect in the pupillary responses of 9- to 10-month-olds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs161202522344openalex-snapshot
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL VALUES OF MOTHERS OF CHILDREN AGED 60 TO 72 MONTHS AND THE PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF THEIR CHILDREN
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2024.17.2.158openalex-snapshot
THE ROLE OF IMAGINATIVE PLAY AND INHIBITORY CONTROL TOWARDS PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/njfeaopenalex-snapshot
Early prosocial development: a systematic review of evidence to support the integration of neurocognitive and cross cultural methods
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yedkwopenalex-snapshot
The Representation of Third-Party Helping Interactions in Infancy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31857/s0044467723020089openalex-snapshot
FORMATION OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND ITS NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fdpys.2026.1881994openalex-snapshot
Gaze as action: gaze-contingent paradigms for studying infant sociomoral cognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fdpys.2026.1904707openalex-snapshot
Preverbal infants' evaluation of sharing behaviors within a “taking turns” context is modulated by the perspectives they adopt
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00138openalex-snapshot
The Development of Prosocial Attention Across Two Cultures
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1059646openalex-snapshot
From action to ethics: A process-relational approach to prosocial development
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1399903openalex-snapshot
Early social-cognitive development as a dynamic developmental system—a lifeworld approach
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.47215/aji.1409043openalex-snapshot
Investigation of the Relationship between Prosocial and Play Behaviors of 60-72 Months-Old Children Attending Preschool Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.70675/0436d69az8667z43aczb9d1zdeb94e27b6adopenalex-snapshot
La préférence des jeunes enfants pour les comportements prosociaux est-elle robuste ? : études expérimentales et oculométriques à 6,12,18,24 et 36 mois
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