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The prevalence and causes of pediatric uncorrected refractive error: Pooled data from population studies for Global Burden of Disease (GBD) sub-regions

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Global Vision Impairment Due to Uncorrected Presbyopia
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Population Prevalence of Need for Spectacles and Spectacle Ownership Among Urban Migrant Children in Eastern China
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Visual Impairment and Blindness in Adults in the United States
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Visual Impairment in Preschool Children in the United States
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2016.09.010openalex-snapshot
Refractive Errors and Amblyopia in the UCLA Preschool Vision Program; First Year Results
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2016.07.039openalex-snapshot
Uncorrected hyperopia and preschool early literacy: results of the Vision in Preschoolers-Hyperopia In Preschoolers (VIP-HIP) Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2014.08.014openalex-snapshot
Chronic eye disease and the WHO Universal Eye Health Global Action Plan 2014-2019
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2015.09.008openalex-snapshot
The prevalence of refractive errors in 6- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in Dezful, Iran
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.10.048openalex-snapshot
Refractive Error and Visual Impairment in School-Age Children in Gombak District, Malaysia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.03.027openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment in African-American and Hispanic Preschool ChildrenThe Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.017openalex-snapshot
The Prevalence of Retinal Vein Occlusion: Pooled Data from Population Studies from the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.07.037openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and Causes of Blindness in Children in Vietnam
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.02.014openalex-snapshot
Utility and Uncorrected Refractive Error
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.02.024openalex-snapshot
Comparing the Impact of Refractive and Nonrefractive Vision Loss on Functioning and Disability
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.11.023openalex-snapshot
Uncorrected Hyperopia and Preschool Early Literacy
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006openalex-snapshot
Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2014.02.001openalex-snapshot
Prevalence of correctable visual impairment in primary school children in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.02.026openalex-snapshot
Prevalence of childhood ocular morbidity in a peri-urban setting in Bangladesh: a community-based study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2006.06.007openalex-snapshot
Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.02.004openalex-snapshot
Frequency, Course, and Impact of Correctable Visual Impairment (Uncorrected Refractive Error)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(13)70113-xopenalex-snapshot
Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis
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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2017.68openalex-snapshot
The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness in underserved rural areas: a crucial issue for future
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/01658100701436033openalex-snapshot
Blindness and Eye Disease in Cambodia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/09286580701772011openalex-snapshot
The Prevalence of Visual Impairment in School Children of Upper-Middle Socioeconomic Status in Kathmandu
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/09286580903144720openalex-snapshot
Uncorrected Refractive Errors, Presbyopia and Spectacle Coverage: Results from a Rapid Assessment of Refractive Error Survey
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2019.1604976openalex-snapshot
Childhood blindness and visual impairment in the Narayani Zone of Nepal: a population-based survey
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/icu.0b013e328309f180openalex-snapshot
Pediatric ophthalmology in the developing world
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000796openalex-snapshot
Global Vision Impairment and Blindness Due to Uncorrected Refractive Error, 1990–2010
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e3182113891openalex-snapshot
Uncorrected Refractive Error Among First-Grade Students of Different Racial/Ethnic Groups in Southern California
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12207openalex-snapshot
Prevalence of refractive error, presbyopia and spectacle coverage in Kahama District, Tanzania: a rapid assessment of refractive error
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12689openalex-snapshot
Prevalence of refractive errors in children in India: a systematic review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2008.01768.xopenalex-snapshot
Public sector refraction and spectacle dispensing in low‐resource countries of the Western Pacific
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02247.xopenalex-snapshot
Prevalence of refractive errors among schoolchildren in Shiraz, Iran
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02278.xopenalex-snapshot
Diabetic retinopathy and the major causes of vision loss in Aboriginals from remote Western Australia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02527.xopenalex-snapshot
Screening for uncorrected refractive error in secondary school‐age students in Fiji
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2008.00338.xopenalex-snapshot
Uncorrected refractive error in the northern and eastern provinces of Sri Lanka
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12193openalex-snapshot
Prevalence of visual impairment and refractive errors among different ethnic groups in schoolchildren in T urpan, C hina
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12249openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and causes of reduced visual acuity among children aged three to six years in a metropolis in China
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12748openalex-snapshot
Impaired visual acuity caused by uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia in a German paediatric cohort
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2003.031153openalex-snapshot
The prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Tehran: the Tehran Eye Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2005.088344openalex-snapshot
Uncorrected refractive errors and spectacle utilisation rate in Tehran: the unmet need
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2006.099937openalex-snapshot
The prevalence of refractive errors among schoolchildren in Dezful, Iran
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2009.173104openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and causes of decreased visual acuity in Singaporean Chinese preschoolers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.86.9.1041openalex-snapshot
Factors associated with undercorrected refractive errors in an older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.86.9.951openalex-snapshot
Prevalence of blindness and low vision in Malaysian population: results from the National Eye Survey 1996
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.87.9.1075openalex-snapshot
Causes of low vision and blindness in rural Indonesia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300539openalex-snapshot
Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000172openalex-snapshot
Population-based cross-sectional study of barriers to utilisation of refraction services in South India: Rapid Assessment of Refractive Errors (RARE) Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.108.532218openalex-snapshot
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis According to Age and Sex
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.03-1051openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-0973openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and Causes of Functional Low Vision in School-Age Children: Results from Standardized Population Surveys in Asia, Africa, and Latin America
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.08-2073openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment in Low–Middle Income School Children in Sao Paulo, Brazil
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-15422openalex-snapshot
Normative Distribution of Visual Acuity in 3- to 6-Year-Old Chinese Preschoolers: The Shenzhen Kindergarten Eye Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.16-20242openalex-snapshot
Global Patterns in Health Burden of Uncorrected Refractive Error
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.16-20243openalex-snapshot
Age-Specific Prevalence of Visual Impairment and Refractive Error in Children Aged 3–10 Years in Shanghai, China
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.5.2openalex-snapshot
IMI Impact of Myopia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-9-8openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in a Brazilian population: The Botucatu Eye Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1312openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and rate of wearing spectacles in schools for children of migrant workers in Shanghai, China
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-021-02134-8openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and pattern of refractive error and visual impairment among schoolchildren: the Lhasa childhood eye study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-1888-5openalex-snapshot
Effectiveness of a novel mobile health education intervention (Peek) on spectacle wear among children in India: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1258/jms.2008.007094openalex-snapshot
Performance measures of the illiterate E-chart vision-screening test used in Northern District Israeli school children
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002867openalex-snapshot
Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness in India
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652009000300017openalex-snapshot
Visual impairment and blindness: an overview of prevalence and causes in Brazil
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2016.05.23openalex-snapshot
Unilateral visual impairment in rural south India–Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2017.03.22openalex-snapshot
Refractive error study in young subjects: results from a rural area in Paraguay
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2017.05.23openalex-snapshot
Refractive errors among children, adolescents and adults attending eye clinics in Mexico
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.21037/jes.2016.04.08openalex-snapshot
Age-determined referral criteria of myopia for large-scale vision screening
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.07.041210openalex-snapshot
Global magnitude of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors in 2004
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.08.053652openalex-snapshot
Estimation of global visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive error
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.08.055673openalex-snapshot
Potential lost productivity resulting from the global burden of uncorrected refractive error
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.12.104034openalex-snapshot
Global cost of correcting vision impairment from uncorrected refractive error
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.20.077openalex-snapshot
Prevalence of refractive error and visual impairment among school-age children of Hargesia, Somaliland, Somalia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3109/09286586.2011.632703openalex-snapshot
Refractive Error in School Children in an Urban and Rural Setting in Cambodia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3109/09286586.2015.1056811openalex-snapshot
Prevalence of Visual Impairment and Refractive Errors in Children of South Sinai, Egypt
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3129/i09-030openalex-snapshot
A comparative clinical survey of the prevalence of refractive errors and eye diseases in urban and rural school children
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.728openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in patients seen at Nkhensani Hospital Eye Clinic, South Africa
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.57151openalex-snapshot
Evaluation of ′vision screening′ program for three to six-year-old children in the Republic of Iran
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.150635openalex-snapshot
Characteristics of astigmatism in a population of Tunisian school-children
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_762_19openalex-snapshot
The burden of uncorrected refractive error
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4103/joco.joco_100_20openalex-snapshot
Economic Inequality in Unmet Refractive Error Need in Deprived Rural Population of Iran
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v37n11p940openalex-snapshot
Prevalence of Refractive Error in Malay Primary School Children in Suburban Area of Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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A Comparative Study between Mohindra and Cycloplegic Retinoscopy for Determination of Refractive Error Among Children at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center Northwest Ethiopia
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Uncorrected myopia affects the visual acuity of OFF‐pathway more than ON‐pathway
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/ovs2.70039openalex-snapshot
Landscape analysis of school‐based vision programs in the United States: A survey study
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Refractive Errors Linked to Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Pediatric Population and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Global health impacts of ambient fine particulate pollution associated with climate variability
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Association of Sociodemographic Characteristics with Pediatric Vision Screening and Eye Care
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2023.100486openalex-snapshot
Ethnicity and refractive errors in Peruvian children aged 7–11 years: A five-year analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40810-5openalex-snapshot
A large-scale analysis of refractive errors in students attending public primary schools in Mexico
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53056-6openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and associated factors of visual impairment among adults aged 40 and above in Southern Ethiopia, 2022
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1055/a-2340-1790openalex-snapshot
Epidemiology of Myopia: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Effects of Myopia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2555314openalex-snapshot
Prevalence of vision impairment and refractive error in rural Nepalese children under five years of age
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2330386openalex-snapshot
Colombian Ocular Diseases Epidemiology Study (CODES): Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characterization of Refractive Errors in Colombian Eye Care Consultations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000046414openalex-snapshot
The effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tuina massage combined with family-based prevention on visual acuity in children and adolescents with myopia: A case report of single–group interventional study
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Social enterprises and stakeholder’s views regarding collaboration with commercial enterprises in the provision of eye care services in Kenya
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70123openalex-snapshot
Vision screening of Greenlandic children evaluating efficacy, coverage and future directions
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Artificial intelligence prediction algorithms for refractive error onset and progression in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cch.70024openalex-snapshot
Preschool Vision Screening and Policy: Availability, Awareness and Perceptions of Stakeholders in Selected Locations in Harare and Mashonaland East Provinces
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2024-326726openalex-snapshot
Current status of school vision screening—rationale, models, impact and challenges: a review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087287openalex-snapshot
Utilisation of eye health services and compliance with spectacles wear among community school adolescents: a mixed-methods study from Bagmati province of Nepal
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Access to Myopia Care in the United States—A Narrative Review
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Addressing Health Disparities in Pediatric Eye Care for School-Age Children: A Call to Action
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20387-yopenalex-snapshot
Prevalence and association of uncorrected refractive error among Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-26598-9openalex-snapshot
Clinic-based prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors and associated visual impairment: a nationwide cross-sectional study of 3.6 million outpatients in Mexico
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12831-5openalex-snapshot
Situation analysis of the social enterprises engaged in refractive error services delivery in Kenya
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.559949openalex-snapshot
Revealing the inherent properties of pupillary red reflex in refractive errors by smartphone imaging: a study in Indonesia's population
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005085openalex-snapshot
Refractive error among school-aged children in Bhutan: A secondary analysis of data from nationwide Bhutan School Sight Survey
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332142openalex-snapshot
Uncorrected refractive errors, visual impairment and need for spectacles among children and adolescents in eastern, China
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v21.18164openalex-snapshot
The Fundus Red Reflex Test Using a Smartphone Showed High Accuracy Compared to an Autorefractor to Detect Refractive Errors in Children
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10307381/v1openalex-snapshot
Development and Validation of a Portable Visual Acuity Device for School-Based Detection of Childhood Visual Impairment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10948369/v1openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and Rural-Urban Equity of Vision-Screening Outcomes in Nearly 5,000 Polish Schoolchildren: A Population-Based Cross- Sectional Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.s491644openalex-snapshot
Vision Screening and Detection of Ocular Abnormalities in School Children by Teachers in Jordan
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s387831openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445277165231128042842openalex-snapshot
The Post-pandemic Prevalence of Refractive Errors among Elementary School Children in Jakarta
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1576958openalex-snapshot
Deep learning for vision screening in resource-limited settings: development of multi-branch CNN for refractive error detection based on smartphone image
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1661710openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and associated risk factors of visual impairment in school children: mHealth-based vision screening in government schools of Rawalpindi, Pakistan
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1373209openalex-snapshot
Knowledge, attitudes and practice toward refractive errors management among left-behind children of migrant workers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1517056openalex-snapshot
Trends in prevalence and disability-adjusted life years for refractive disorders in China and globally from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2026.1609229openalex-snapshot
Eyecare health promotion in schools around the Free State Province, South Africa: school-based interventional study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v31i0.3192openalex-snapshot
Parents’ and teachers’ perspectives on the barriers to spectacle uptake among learners in the Free State, South Africa
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v17i1.4967openalex-snapshot
Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in low-resource high schools in the Free State, South Africa
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4103/ajphp.ajphp_25_25openalex-snapshot
Visual Impairment and Uncorrected Refractive Errors among Elementary Students in Santiago Isabela, Northeastern Luzon, Philippines
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v6i4.3091openalex-snapshot
Long-term Postoperative Outcomes of Pediatric Cataract Extraction with IOL Implantation in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre at Karachi
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.56920/cehj.789openalex-snapshot
Cycloplegic refraction in children
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A Descriptive Study of the Pattern of Refractive Errors, Amblyopia Burden, and Effective Refractive Error Coverage Among Children Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Sri Lanka
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