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X under Musk’s leadership: Substantial hate and no reduction in inauthentic activity
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What this work says
Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21737openalex-snapshot
Exposure to hate speech increases prejudice through desensitization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2148openalex-snapshot
Not “just words”: Exposure to homophobic epithets leads to dehumanizing and physical distancing from gay men
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.239openalex-snapshot
How Online Content Providers Moderate User‐Generated Content to Prevent Harmful Online Communication: An Analysis of Policies and Their Implementation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12633-9_5openalex-snapshot
Online/Offline Continuities: Exploring Misogyny and Hate in Online Abuse of Feminists
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-023-09382-7openalex-snapshot
Hidden messages: mapping nations’ media campaigns
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0458-0openalex-snapshot
Re-assessing the Role of Gender-Related Cognitions for Self-Esteem: The Importance of Gender Typicality for Cisgender Adults
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-021-00815-2openalex-snapshot
Amplifying influence through coordinated behaviour in social networks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2016.02.001openalex-snapshot
The affinity between online and offline anti-Muslim hate crime: Dynamics and impacts
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101710openalex-snapshot
Misinformation warning labels are widely effective: A review of warning effects and their moderating features
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2018.08.019openalex-snapshot
Deep neural networks for bot detection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2023.07.002openalex-snapshot
Environmental users abandoned Twitter after Musk takeover
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02235-xopenalex-snapshot
Disinformation’s spread: bots, trolls and all of us
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1494-7openalex-snapshot
Hidden resilience and adaptive dynamics of the global online hate ecology
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89467-yopenalex-snapshot
Online hate network spreads malicious COVID-19 content outside the control of individual social media platforms
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31146-1openalex-snapshot
Exposure to hate speech deteriorates neurocognitive mechanisms of the ability to understand others’ pain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49676-zopenalex-snapshot
Inductive detection of influence operations via graph learning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2116310118openalex-snapshot
Empathy-based counterspeech can reduce racist hate speech in a social media field experiment
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2212270120openalex-snapshot
On the rise of fear speech in online social media
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2307360120openalex-snapshot
The effectiveness of moderating harmful online content
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2018.1462395openalex-snapshot
Fake news, disinformation, manipulation and online tactics to undermine democracy
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1086/521848openalex-snapshot
Complex Contagions and the Weakness of Long Ties
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/itp-09-2014-0198openalex-snapshot
Exposure to online hate material and social trust among Finnish youth
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393482openalex-snapshot
Coordinated Behavior in Information Operations on Twitter
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020363openalex-snapshot
MulBot: Unsupervised Bot Detection Based on Multivariate Time Series
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2012.75openalex-snapshot
Detecting Automation of Twitter Accounts: Are You a Human, Bot, or Cyborg?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-021-00314-6openalex-snapshot
Impact and dynamics of hate and counter speech online
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-022-00338-6openalex-snapshot
Mapping state-sponsored information operations with multi-view modularity clustering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00410-9openalex-snapshot
A language framework for modeling social media account behavior
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2660267.2660269openalex-snapshot
Uncovering Large Groups of Active Malicious Accounts in Online Social Networks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3041021.3054223openalex-snapshot
Deep Learning for Hate Speech Detection in Tweets
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3278721.3278729openalex-snapshot
Measuring and Mitigating Unintended Bias in Text Classification
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3292522.3326032openalex-snapshot
Prevalence and Psychological Effects of Hateful Speech in Online College Communities
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3366424.3385775openalex-snapshot
Unveiling Coordinated Groups Behind White Helmets Disinformation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3411495.3421363openalex-snapshot
On the Detection of Disinformation Campaign Activity with Network Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3442381.3449861openalex-snapshot
The Structure of Toxic Conversations on Twitter
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3476057openalex-snapshot
Do Platform Migrations Compromise Content Moderation? Evidence from r/The_Donald and r/Incels
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3479525openalex-snapshot
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Deplatforming as a Moderation Strategy on Twitter
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3479610openalex-snapshot
Disproportionate Removals and Differing Content Moderation Experiences for Conservative, Transgender, and Black Social Media Users: Marginalization and Moderation Gray Areas
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3490499openalex-snapshot
Quarantined! Examining the Effects of a Community-Wide Moderation Intervention on Reddit
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3501247.3531542openalex-snapshot
Online Coordination: Methods and Comparative Case Studies of Coordinated Groups across Four Events in the United States
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3529755openalex-snapshot
On the Explainability of Natural Language Processing Deep Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3572334.3572372openalex-snapshot
Tackling Hate Speech in Low-resource Languages with Context Experts
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3578503.3583597openalex-snapshot
Propaganda and Misinformation on Facebook and Twitter during the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3616867openalex-snapshot
Demographical Based Sentiment Analysis for Detection of Hate Speech Tweets for Low Resource Language
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3686967openalex-snapshot
Did the Roll-Out of Community Notes Reduce Engagement With Misinformation on X/Twitter?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506221083811openalex-snapshot
Incivility Is Rising Among American Politicians on Twitter
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221152openalex-snapshot
Hate speech detection: Challenges and solutions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i17.17745openalex-snapshot
HateXplain: A Benchmark Dataset for Explainable Hate Speech Detection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v15i1.18074openalex-snapshot
Coordinated Behavior on Social Media in 2019 UK General Election
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v15i1.18075openalex-snapshot
Uncovering Coordinated Networks on Social Media: Methods and Case Studies
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v15i1.18110openalex-snapshot
"I Won the Election!": An Empirical Analysis of Soft Moderation Interventions on Twitter
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v17i1.22143openalex-snapshot
Understanding and Detecting Hateful Content Using Contrastive Learning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v17i1.22168openalex-snapshot
"Learn the Facts about COVID-19": Analyzing the Use of Warning Labels on TikTok Videos
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v17i1.22184openalex-snapshot
Spillover of Antisocial Behavior from Fringe Platforms: The Unintended Consequences of Community Banning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v17i1.22209openalex-snapshot
HateMM: A Multi-Modal Dataset for Hate Video Classification
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v17i1.22215openalex-snapshot
Just Another Day on Twitter: A Complete 24 Hours of Twitter Data
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v17i1.22222openalex-snapshot
Auditing Elon Musk’s Impact on Hate Speech and Bots
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v18i1.31305openalex-snapshot
Socio-Linguistic Characteristics of Coordinated Inauthentic Accounts
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.483openalex-snapshot
Contextualizing Hate Speech Classifiers with Post-hoc Explanation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.29openalex-snapshot
Latent Hatred: A Benchmark for Understanding Implicit Hate Speech
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1302openalex-snapshot
Reducing Gender Bias in Abusive Language Detection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1163openalex-snapshot
The Risk of Racial Bias in Hate Speech Detection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4614245openalex-snapshot
Unmasking the Web of Deceit: Uncovering Coordinated Activity to Expose Information Operations on Twitter
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2hku3openalex-snapshot
Incivility is Rising among American Politicians on Twitter
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.05287openalex-snapshot
What is Gab? A Bastion of Free Speech or an Alt-Right Echo Chamber?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v24i9.10213openalex-snapshot
Evolution of bot and human behavior during elections
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v27i12.12872openalex-snapshot
Twitter spam and false accounts prevalence, detection, and characterization: A survey
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.54501/jots.v1i2.30openalex-snapshot
Synchronized Action Framework for Detection of Coordination on Social Media
What points at this work
Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5205633openalex-extracted
Corporate Populism: Musk's Challenge to the Rule of Law and Equity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.70006openalex-snapshot
Content Moderation and Community Standards: The Disconnect Between Policy and User Experiences Reporting Harmful and Offensive Content on Social Media
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.70057openalex-snapshot
Navigating the Battlefield: How Social Media Platforms Respond to Governance Demands From Legitimacy Communities in Geopolitical Conflicts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-91042-5_3openalex-snapshot
‘Contagious’ Feminist Interventions and Cultural Politics: Marcha de las Catrinas, Día de Muertas and Calaveritas Pandémicas (2020–21)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-026-00465-wopenalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-025-01130-3openalex-snapshot
Virtual reality, cyberspace, and embodiment: a historical debate with contemporary resonance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103299openalex-snapshot
Electoral consequences of hate speech on social media: The case of the presidential election in Brazil
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00138.mulopenalex-snapshot
Which verbal de-escalation strategies are most effective for bystanders in online conflicts?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2026.2725650openalex-snapshot
Normalizing Racial Hostility: Identity Threat, Dehumanization, and Racial Polarization in X Discourse
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2026.2631908openalex-snapshot
Digital battleground: Exploring the role of social media platforms in digital activism in Case of Mahsa Amini movement in Persian Twitter*
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2026.2636138openalex-snapshot
Social media platforms and the spreading of hate speech targeting sexual and gender minorities: a scoping review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2026.2659287openalex-snapshot
Temporal stability and cross-topic re-emergence of ideological divides on X
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2026.2643899openalex-snapshot
Navigating the crisis – media activism on gender-based violence during the pandemic. Results from a longitudinal multi-method study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2026.2649890openalex-snapshot
Vicarious Mediated Contact and Role Models: Understanding Narrative Strategies to Reduce Stigma and Prejudice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2025.2545193openalex-snapshot
Migration journalists and social media: “walking the line” in a love/hate paradox
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198945253.003.0122openalex-snapshot
Britain First’s Online Narratives of National Identity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83708-340-420251002openalex-snapshot
Disinformation and Social Networks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83708-352-720261001openalex-snapshot
Online Hate and Extremism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83708-352-720261005openalex-snapshot
New Empirical Tests
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.70036openalex-snapshot
Tracking the Debate: Geo‐Temporal Sentiment Analysis of Community Water Fluoridation on ‘X’ (Formerly Twitter) With Five‐Year Forecast
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/josi.70056openalex-snapshot
On Why White College Students Confront Online Racism and Why They Do Not: Insights From a Multi‐site Intervention
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.70233openalex-snapshot
Exploring Hate Speech Perpetrators' Profiles on X: An Analysis of User Replies to Spanish Digital News Media Publications
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00575-5openalex-snapshot
Safe spaces or toxic places? Content moderation and social dynamics of online eating disorder communities
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3757684openalex-snapshot
Twits, Toxic Tweets, and Tribal Tendencies: Trends in Politically Polarized Posts on Twitter
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1155/hbe2/9436490openalex-snapshot
Exploring NLP‐Based Solutions to Social Media Moderation Challenges
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2026.210307openalex-snapshot
Weaponizing Transphobia on Social Media
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/02632764261460798openalex-snapshot
Ambient Extremism in Reactionary Digital Politics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/08944393251400281openalex-snapshot
Coordinated Computational Propaganda: Exploring Social Bot Activities During the July Revolution of Bangladesh
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/14614448251385082openalex-snapshot
The wellness pipeline: Tracing far-right health narratives on X
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/14614448261447866openalex-snapshot
Who fuels the fire? Predicting amplifiers, copycats, and attenuators in the networked spread of toxicity in immigration discourse
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/14614448261470889openalex-snapshot
Cross-platformization: How U.S. right-leaning media curate their posts on Twitter and Truth Social
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/14648849251334532openalex-snapshot
Hybrid normalization of Twitter: Political journalists’ practices during the 2021 German federal election debates
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/17506352261466504openalex-snapshot
(Elite) Monologues on social media during Cyprus’ peace negotiations: Twitter as a mirror of offline politics in divided societies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/29768640251385708openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12681/cclabs.9674openalex-snapshot
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How Social Media Platforms Contribute to Racism in the Digital Age
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2026.1850023openalex-snapshot
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