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The AI Similarity Bias: Development and Validation of the Behavioral AI Anthropomorphism Scale (BAAS) and Its Implications for Trust and Gender Attribution
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What this work says
Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
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Robots should be seen and not heard…sometimes: Anthropomorphism and AI service robot interactions
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Mindsets and mirrors: How growth mindsets shape anthropomorphism in AI‐enabled technologies
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Emotion Recognition Using Text in a Chatbot Using Logistic Regression
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Social robots and the risks to reciprocity
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Brokerbot: A Cryptocurrency Chatbot in the Social-technical Gap of Trust
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The impact of anthropomorphism on customer satisfaction in chatbot commerce: an experimental study in the food sector
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Eliza in the uncanny valley: anthropomorphizing consumer robots increases their perceived warmth but decreases liking
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A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling
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Understanding anthropomorphism in service provision: a meta-analysis of physical robots, chatbots, and other AI
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Assessing Acceptance of Assistive Social Agent Technology by Older Adults: the Almere Model
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Perceived Human-Likeness of Social Robots: Testing the Rasch Model as a Method for Measuring Anthropomorphism
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Perception and Evaluation in Human–Robot Interaction: The Human–Robot Interaction Evaluation Scale (HRIES)—A Multicomponent Approach of Anthropomorphism
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How perceptions of intelligence and anthropomorphism affect adoption of personal intelligent agents
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AI-based chatbots in customer service and their effects on user compliance
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Anthropomorphism in AI-enabled technology: A literature review
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Acceptance and Fear of Artificial Intelligence: associations with personality in a German and a Chinese sample
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Implicit attitudes and road safety behaviors. The helmet-use case
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Exploring the trust and behavior of experienced advanced driver assistance system drivers: An on-road study
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Does the uncanny valley exist? An empirical test of the relationship between eeriness and the human likeness of digitally created faces
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.009openalex-snapshot
Caregiving role in human–robot interaction: A study of the mediating effects of perceived benefit and social presence
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Someone out there? A study on the social presence of anthropomorphized chatbots
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Exploring relationship development with social chatbots: A mixed-method study of replika
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New dyads? The effect of social robots’ anthropomorphization on empathy towards human beings
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The effect of anthropomorphism of virtual voice assistants on perceived safety as an antecedent to voice shopping
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Validation of the general attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale in the Italian context and the role of trust
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.007openalex-snapshot
Feeling robots and human zombies: Mind perception and the uncanny valley
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.08.003openalex-snapshot
People are averse to machines making moral decisions
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Emotionally enriched AI-generated feedback: Supporting student well-being without compromising learning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2022.102802openalex-snapshot
Development and validation of a social robot anthropomorphism scale (SRA) in a french sample
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102679openalex-snapshot
Chatbots’ effectiveness in service recovery
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.12.051openalex-snapshot
Enhancing chatbot effectiveness: The role of anthropomorphic conversational styles and time orientation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2014.06.003openalex-snapshot
Revisiting gender differences: What we know and what lies ahead
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103870openalex-snapshot
Autonomous morals: Inferences of mind predict acceptance of AI behavior in sacrificial moral dilemmas
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.014openalex-snapshot
Anthropomorphism in comparative affective science: Advocating a mindful approach
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2023.100998openalex-snapshot
How AI can perpetuate – Or help mitigate – Gender bias in leadership
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.051openalex-snapshot
Self-report and behavioural approaches to the measurement of self-control: Are we assessing the same construct?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123806openalex-snapshot
Examining chatbot usage intention in a service encounter: Role of task complexity, communication style, and brand personality
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.01.007openalex-snapshot
Why Are Self-Report and Behavioral Measures Weakly Correlated?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-7439(99)00047-7openalex-snapshot
The Mahalanobis distance
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.114.4.864openalex-snapshot
On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.4.3.272openalex-snapshot
Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020240openalex-snapshot
Making sense by making sentient: Effectance motivation increases anthropomorphism.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000056openalex-snapshot
The Uncanny Valley: Existence and Explanations
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000732openalex-snapshot
Are self-report cognitive empathy ratings valid proxies for cognitive empathy ability? Negligible meta-analytic relations with behavioral task performance.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2016.44openalex-snapshot
Integrated information theory: from consciousness to its physical substrate
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2021.1982529openalex-snapshot
AI-powered recommendations: the roles of perceived similarity and psychological distance on persuasion
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2020.1790204openalex-snapshot
The impact of chatbot conversational skill on engagement and perceived humanness
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2021.1916395openalex-snapshot
Item Meaning and Order as Causes of Correlated Residuals in Confirmatory Factor Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118openalex-snapshot
Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2017.1396583openalex-snapshot
Ten Steps in Scale Development and Reporting: A Guide for Researchers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwv046openalex-snapshot
GenderMag: A Method for Evaluating Software's Gender Inclusiveness
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/ejmbe-04-2019-0063openalex-snapshot
Anthropomorphized vs objectified brands: which brand version is more loved?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/s1548-643520230000020015openalex-snapshot
Anthropomorphism in Artificial Intelligence: A Review of Empirical Work Across Domains and Insights for Future Research
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2012.2192811openalex-snapshot
The Uncanny Valley [From the Field]
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00153openalex-snapshot
Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to Computers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12286openalex-snapshot
Executive Gender Pay Gaps: The Roles of Female Risk Aversion and Board Representation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.70065openalex-snapshot
Agentic and communal motivations underlying human–AI interactions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.70108openalex-snapshot
Consumer Response to Anthropomorphism of Text‐Based AI Chatbots: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb00275.xopenalex-snapshot
Are Machines Gender Neutral? Gender‐Stereotypic Responses to Computers With Voices
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12771openalex-snapshot
Hello! How Can I Help You? Role of Technology Appetite on AI Adoption in the Post‐Pandemic Era
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134475openalex-snapshot
Dimensions of Mind Perception
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2696454.2696497openalex-snapshot
Would You Trust a (Faulty) Robot?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025919openalex-snapshot
Typefaces and the Perception of Humanness in Natural Language Chatbots
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429211045687openalex-snapshot
Blame the Bot: Anthropomorphism and Anger in Customer–Chatbot Interactions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005openalex-snapshot
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602openalex-snapshot
Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393211065867openalex-snapshot
Technology as a Social Companion? An Exploration of Individual and Product-Related Factors of Anthropomorphism
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971251336803openalex-snapshot
Public Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in 20 Countries: Assessing Individual- and Country-Level Factors
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/10946705241297196openalex-snapshot
Seeing Personhood in Machines: Conceptualizing Anthropomorphism of Social Robots
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073919897314openalex-snapshot
Comment: Measuring Guilty and Grateful Behaviors in Children and Adults
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10openalex-snapshot
The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5openalex-snapshot
Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2008.26.2.143openalex-snapshot
When We Need A Human: Motivational Determinants of Anthropomorphism
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.21533/pen.v11i4.3770openalex-snapshot
Exploring the ethical considerations of using Chat GPT in university education
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/1416950openalex-snapshot
An Experimental Study of Apparent Behavior
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2019.015openalex-snapshot
Perceived Intelligence and Perceived Anthropomorphism of Personal Intelligent Agents: Scale Development and Validation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2019.169openalex-snapshot
Is It Human? The Role of Anthropomorphism as a Driver for the Successful Acceptance of Digital Voice Assistants
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.25300/misq/2018/14083openalex-snapshot
Nudging Moods to Induce Unplanned Purchases in Imperfect Mobile Personalization Contexts1
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.32614/rj-2018-048openalex-snapshot
clustMixType: User-Friendly Clustering of Mixed-Type Data in R
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2022.937452openalex-snapshot
Anthropomorphic or non-anthropomorphic? Effects of biological sex in observation of actions in a digital human model and a gantry robot model
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00797openalex-snapshot
Gender Effects in Observation of Robotic and Humanoid Actions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015921openalex-snapshot
Social exchange theory: Systematic review and future directions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1559457openalex-snapshot
Gender differences in artificial intelligence: the role of artificial intelligence anxiety
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1166120openalex-snapshot
ChatGPT and the rise of large language models: the new AI-driven infodemic threat in public health
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci3010002openalex-snapshot
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence into Clinical Practice
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0619-7openalex-snapshot
Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01236-yopenalex-snapshot
formr: A study framework allowing for automated feedback generation and complex longitudinal experience-sampling studies using R
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The SAGE Handbook of Quantitative Methodology for the Social Sciences
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Advanced and Multivariate Statistical Methods
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315135007openalex-snapshot
The Social Psychology of Groups
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315749105openalex-snapshot
A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857932013.00033openalex-snapshot
A Voice is Worth a Thousand Words: The Implications of the Micro-coding of Social Signals in Speech for Trust Research
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.78.441openalex-snapshot
A study of the relationship between a self-report measure and a behavioral measure of impulsive behavior
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Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661195openalex-snapshot
Relationship Between Human-Like Communication and Trust in ChatGPT Use in Everyday Life Among Croatian Users
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