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Technical Metrics Used to Evaluate Health Care Chatbots: Scoping Review
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Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
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PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation
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Information quality of conversational agents in healthcare
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/09760016241259851openalex-snapshot
Chatbots and Their Applications in Medical Fields: Current Status and Future Trends: A Scoping Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-021-01502-8openalex-snapshot
Detecting the patient’s need for help with machine learning based on expressions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01224-6openalex-snapshot
A systematic review of artificial intelligence chatbots for promoting physical activity, healthy diet, and weight loss
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s44398-026-00025-wopenalex-snapshot
DBT-wellMind-GameTree: a game-theoretic framework for student mental health support using LLMs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2024.0109openalex-snapshot
Experiences of patients with hard-to-heal wounds: insights from a pilot survey
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000492openalex-snapshot
Achieving health equity through conversational AI: A roadmap for design and implementation of inclusive chatbots in healthcare
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001352openalex-snapshot
Large language models for psychosocial risk assessment: A multi-method evaluation across suicide, intimate partner violence, and substance misuse
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001720openalex-snapshot
User needs and design opportunities for a conversational agent for tuberculosis treatment: A mixed-methods study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.gem-1.27openalex-snapshot
Answerability: A custom metric for evaluating chatbot performance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10504873/v1openalex-snapshot
Co-Designing an Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Mental Health Chatbot Within a Social Media Platform to Support Adolescent Well-Being in Kenya: A Human-Centered Mixed Methods Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/17828openalex-snapshot
Perceptions and Opinions of Patients About Mental Health Chatbots: Scoping Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/22845openalex-snapshot
Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Behavior Change Model for Designing Artificial Intelligence Chatbots to Promote Physical Activity and a Healthy Diet: Viewpoint
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/25294openalex-snapshot
A Suite of Mobile Conversational Agents for Daily Stress Management (Popbots): Mixed Methods Exploratory Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/25933openalex-snapshot
Voice-Based Conversational Agents for the Prevention and Management of Chronic and Mental Health Conditions: Systematic Literature Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/27791openalex-snapshot
Implementation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in e–Mental Health Apps: Literature Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/28003openalex-snapshot
The Challenges in Designing a Prevention Chatbot for Eating Disorders: Observational Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/28091openalex-snapshot
Quantitative User Data From a Chatbot Developed for Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Observational Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/33717openalex-snapshot
Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating an Artificial Intelligence–Guided Mental Health Resource Navigation Chatbot for Health Care Workers and Their Families During and Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/35903openalex-snapshot
User Experience of COVID-19 Chatbots: Scoping Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/38876openalex-snapshot
Assessing the Topics and Motivating Factors Behind Human-Social Chatbot Interactions: Thematic Analysis of User Experiences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/40719openalex-snapshot
Mental Health Chatbot for Young Adults With Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Blind, Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/41583openalex-snapshot
Developing a Technical-Oriented Taxonomy to Define Archetypes of Conversational Agents in Health Care: Literature Review and Cluster Analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/43135openalex-snapshot
Evaluating User Experience With a Chatbot Designed as a Public Health Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: Mixed Methods Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/44548openalex-snapshot
Evaluating Conversational Agents for Mental Health: Scoping Review of Outcomes and Outcome Measurement Instruments
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/47134openalex-snapshot
Embodied Conversational Agents for Chronic Diseases: Scoping Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/47267openalex-snapshot
Acceptability of a Pain History Assessment and Education Chatbot (Dolores) Across Age Groups in Populations With Chronic Pain: Development and Pilot Testing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/49462openalex-snapshot
User-Friendly Chatbot to Mitigate the Psychological Stress of Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development and Usability Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/56930openalex-snapshot
Roles, Users, Benefits, and Limitations of Chatbots in Health Care: Rapid Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/57114openalex-snapshot
Chatbot for Social Need Screening and Resource Sharing With Vulnerable Families: Iterative Design and Evaluation Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/62738openalex-snapshot
Development of Chatbot-Based Oral Health Care for Young Children and Evaluation of its Effectiveness, Usability, and Acceptability: Mixed Methods Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/64903openalex-snapshot
Assessment of a Digital Health Platform Using Web Analytics and User Experience Measurements: Quantitative Study Based on RE-AIM
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/66633openalex-snapshot
Developing Effective Frameworks for Large Language Model–Based Medical Chatbots: Insights From Radiotherapy Education With ChatGPT
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/68296openalex-snapshot
Digital Health Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Rapid Scoping Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/76400openalex-snapshot
Metrics Used for the Evaluation of Chatbots Providing Cancer Genetic Risk Assessment and Education: Systematic Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/83051openalex-snapshot
Developing a Service Quality Index System for AI Health Care Chatbots: Mixed Methods Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/97773openalex-snapshot
The Impact of Chatbot Type and Normative Messaging on Chatbot Usage Intention Based on the Health Technology Acceptance Model: Randomized Controlled Trial
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.114147openalex-snapshot
Beyond Information Seeking: Young Adults' Expectations of Sexual and Reproductive Health Chatbots Across the Care Pathway in a Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.38043openalex-snapshot
Contextual Conversational Agent to address Vaccine Hesitancy: Protocol for a design-based research study (Preprint)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.40719openalex-snapshot
Mental health chatbot for young adults with depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-blind, three-arm, randomized controlled trial (Preprint)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.47313openalex-snapshot
MEDHI -Tool - Demystifying the WHO framework For Monitoring and Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions (Preprint)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.97360openalex-snapshot
Baseline Mental Health Risk Profiles Among Adolescents and Young Adults Using a Chatbot-Based Digital Screening Tool in Kenya: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_011.003_0004openalex-snapshot
Factors influencing the adoption of chatbots by healthcare users
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.30699/fhi.v13i0.561openalex-snapshot
Chatbots Utility in Healthcare Industry: An Umbrella Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v3i4.1195openalex-snapshot
Evolving Conversations: A Review of Chatbots and Implications in Natural Language Processing for Cultural Heritage Ecosystems
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.32996/jcsts.2025.7.5.80openalex-snapshot
Leveraging AI Chatbots to Transform University Mental Health Support: A Case Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2021.600333openalex-snapshot
Toward a Conversational Agent to Support the Self-Management of Adults and Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease: Usability and Usefulness Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2021.747153openalex-snapshot
Conversational Physical Activity Coaches for Spanish and English Speaking Women: A User Design Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1646989openalex-snapshot
Critical conversations: a user-centric approach to chatbots for history taking in the pediatric intensive care unit
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/ai5020041openalex-snapshot
Error Correction and Adaptation in Conversational AI: A Review of Techniques and Applications in Chatbots
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060590openalex-snapshot
Analysing Conversation Pathways with a Chatbot Tutor to Enhance Self-Regulation in Higher Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16060824openalex-snapshot
Metacognitive Scaffolding in the Age of GenAI: A Behavioral Analysis of Student–Chatbot Interactions During Course Selection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111250openalex-snapshot
Intelligent Cognitive Assistants for Attitude and Behavior Change Support in Mental Health: State-of-the-Art Technical Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030554openalex-snapshot
Review of Time Domain Electronic Medical Record Taxonomies in the Application of Machine Learning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/fi18030139openalex-snapshot
Implementation and Evaluation of an Open-Source Chatbot for Patient Information Leaflets
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081061openalex-snapshot
Framework for Guiding the Development of High-Quality Conversational Agents in Healthcare
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14060820openalex-snapshot
From Tool to Agent: A Semi-Systematic Review of Human–AI Alignment and a Proposed Tiered Healing Ecosystem for Mental Health
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14101324openalex-snapshot
Unlocking AI Chatbot Potential in Healthcare: Trust-Enhanced DeLone & McLean IS Success Model
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14121641openalex-snapshot
Design, Development, and Evaluation of Multimodal Conversational Agents for Health Data Registration and Monitoring: Framework Proposal and Pilot Exploratory Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge2010007openalex-snapshot
An Exploratory Study on a Reinforcement Learning Prototype for Multimodal Image Retrieval Using a Conversational Search Interface
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/life13051130openalex-snapshot
The Chatbots Are Invading Us: A Map Point on the Evolution, Applications, Opportunities, and Emerging Problems in the Health Domain
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.22548532openalex-snapshot
Chatbots: A Game Changer in mHealth
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.22548532.v1openalex-snapshot
Chatbots: A game changer in mHealth
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.22548532.v2openalex-snapshot
Chatbots: A Game Changer in mHealth
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.37648/ijrmst.v17i01.011openalex-snapshot
Developing An Artificial Intelligence Based Chatbot For And Early And Effective Prediction Of Various Diseases
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-7862-6.ch003openalex-snapshot
Safety and Reliability Evaluation of Medical Chatbots Powered by Large Language Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2025.31.2.136openalex-snapshot
LLM-Based Response Generation for Korean Adolescents: A Study Using the NAVER Knowledge iN Q&A Dataset with RAG
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.51731/cjht.2024.818openalex-snapshot
Chatbots in Health Care: Connecting Patients to Information
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.51819/jaltc.2024.1595910openalex-snapshot
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Psychological Assessment and Treatment in Older Adults
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n8-023openalex-snapshot
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL CONVERSACIONAL EM SAÚDE MENTAL: LACUNAS CONCEITUAIS E REQUISITOS PARA UM FRAMEWORK INTEGRATIVO
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv12n2013openalex-snapshot
Chatbot Systems: Measuring Effectiveness, Challenges, and Future Directions Across Industries
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.56893/pajes2025v06i02.10openalex-snapshot
Faculty Artificial Intelligence Readiness in Adventist Higher Institutions of Learning in Sub-Saharan Africa
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19314712openalex-snapshot
Additional file 1 of Detecting the patient’s need for help with machine learning based on expressions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.62273/gigf6782openalex-snapshot
A Chatbot for Teaching Secure Programming
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.54858openalex-snapshot
Pre-operative Planning of High Tibial Osteotomy With ChatGPT: Are We There Yet?
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