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Objectively Measuring Pain Using Facial Expression: Is the Technology Finally Ready?
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What this work says
Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33191-6_36openalex-snapshot
Continuous Pain Intensity Estimation from Facial Expressions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(87)90073-xopenalex-snapshot
Pain expression in neonates: facial action and cry
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(89)90038-9openalex-snapshot
Pain expression in patients with shoulder pathology: validity, properties and relationship to sickness impact
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(92)90212-topenalex-snapshot
Effect of temporomandibular disorder pain duration on facial expressions and verbal report of pain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(92)90213-uopenalex-snapshot
The consistency of facial expressions of pain: a comparison across modalities
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2004.12.003openalex-snapshot
Machine recognition and representation of neonatal facial displays of acute pain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2009.05.007openalex-snapshot
The painful face – Pain expression recognition using active appearance models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.04.013openalex-snapshot
A comparative study of electrical potential sensors and Ag/AgCl electrodes for characterising spontaneous and event related electroencephalagram signals
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2004.06.002openalex-snapshot
On the relationship between self-report and facial expression of pain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2006.04.012openalex-snapshot
Sex Differences in Facial Encoding of Pain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.09.010openalex-snapshot
Impact of age on the facial expression of pain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.07.012openalex-snapshot
The Cerebral Signature for Pain Perception and Its Modulation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2006.04.003openalex-snapshot
Testing two accounts of pain underestimation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.09.007openalex-snapshot
The facial expression of pain in patients with dementia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2008.04.010openalex-snapshot
The structure, reliability and validity of pain expression: Evidence from patients with shoulder pain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2008.07.009openalex-snapshot
Neonatal pain facial expression: Evaluating the primal face of pain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2011.06.028openalex-snapshot
When you dislike patients, pain is taken less seriously
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2004.07.003openalex-snapshot
Differences in facial expressions of four universal emotions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(02)00052-3openalex-snapshot
Automatic facial expression analysis: a survey
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0882-5963(99)80056-6openalex-snapshot
Preverbal, Early Verbal Pediatric Pain Scale (PEPPS): Development and early psychometric testing
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70103-6openalex-snapshot
Pain assessment in elderly adults with dementia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0048577299971184openalex-snapshot
Automated face analysis by feature point tracking has high concurrent validity with manual FACS coding
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0048577299971664openalex-snapshot
Measuring facial expressions by computer image analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02360084openalex-snapshot
Machine understanding of facial expression of pain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.1089openalex-snapshot
Facial expression during induced pain.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179644.001.0001openalex-snapshot
What the Face RevealsBasic and Applied Studies of Spontaneous Expression Using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aet001openalex-snapshot
Evaluation of a novel closed-loop total intravenous anaesthesia drug delivery system: a randomized controlled trial
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200311000-00003openalex-snapshot
Neonatal Facial Coding System for Assessing Postoperative Pain in Infants: Item Reduction is Valid and Feasible
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1097/ajp.0000000000000103openalex-snapshot
Pain Assessment in Children
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/fg.2011.5771414openalex-snapshot
The computer expression recognition toolbox (CERT)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/fg11301.2006openalex-snapshot
7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR06)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/fgr.2006.55openalex-snapshot
Fully Automatic Facial Action Recognition in Spontaneous Behavior
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2004.1398364openalex-snapshot
Machine learning methods for fully automatic recognition of facial expressions and facial actions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571665openalex-snapshot
Detecting Facial Actions and their Temporal Segments in Nearly Frontal-View Face Image Sequences
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2015.2462830openalex-snapshot
The Automatic Detection of Chronic Pain-Related Expression: Requirements, Challenges and the Multimodal EmoPain Dataset
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2016.2569098openalex-snapshot
Robust Facial Expression Recognition for MuCI: A Comprehensive Neuromuscular Signal Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2013.2249063openalex-snapshot
A Dynamic Appearance Descriptor Approach to Facial Actions Temporal Modeling
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2005.859075openalex-snapshot
Dynamics of facial expression: recognition of facial actions and their temporal segments from face profile image sequences
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.12861openalex-snapshot
Neonatal procedural pain can be assessed by computer software that has good sensitivity and specificity to detect facial movements
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2007.02218.xopenalex-snapshot
Analysis of the validation of existing behavioral pain and distress scales for use in the procedural setting
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2005.00471.xopenalex-snapshot
The facial pattern of disgust, appetence, excited joy and relaxed joy: An improved facial EMG study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01962.xopenalex-snapshot
For Distinguished Early Career Contribution to Psychophysiology: Award Address, 1988
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2008.00140.xopenalex-snapshot
Facial Expression and Pain Assessment in the Pediatric Patient: The Primal Face of Pain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.13.2.135openalex-snapshot
The Use of Surface Electromyography in Biomechanics
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1155/2005/643075openalex-snapshot
The Face of Pain ‐ A Pilot Study to Validate the Measurement of Facial Pain Expression with an Improved EMG Method
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/803474openalex-snapshot
Racial Differences in Pain Treatment and Empathy in a Canadian Sample
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-7-29openalex-snapshot
Doloplus-2, a valid tool for behavioural pain assessment?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000001394openalex-snapshot
Closed-Loop Delivery Systems Versus Manually Controlled Administration of Total IV Anesthesia: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2004.10.1.12013openalex-snapshot
The Abbey pain scale: a 1-minute numerical indicator for people with end-stage dementia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2007.0293openalex-snapshot
The application of facial expressions to the assessment of orofacial pain in cognitively impaired older adults
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0029openalex-snapshot
Automated Assessment of Children’s Postoperative Pain Using Computer Vision
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2006.15.4.420openalex-snapshot
Validation of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool in Adult Patients
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2013705openalex-snapshot
Facial Expression as an Indicator of Pain in Critically Ill Intubated Adults During Endotracheal Suctioning
What points at this work
Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4159601openalex-extracted
Willingness of Sharing Facial Data for Emotion Recognition - A Case Study in the Insurance Market
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1948openalex-snapshot
Artificial intelligence to evaluate postoperative pain based on facial expression recognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/med.21954openalex-snapshot
Perspectives on pain in Down syndrome
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78833-8_3openalex-snapshot
Research in Automatic Pain Assessment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01690-5openalex-snapshot
Willingness of sharing facial data for emotion recognition: a case study in the insurance market
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-023-01100-7openalex-snapshot
Artificial intelligence model predicting postoperative pain using facial expressions: a pilot study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-022-01063-5openalex-snapshot
Self-Reported Efficacy of Treatments in Cluster Headache: a Systematic Review of Survey Studies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2019.08.022openalex-snapshot
The utility of adding symptoms and signs to the management of injury-related pain
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2025.111898openalex-snapshot
Application of deep learning-based facial pain recognition model for postoperative pain assessment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59756-5openalex-snapshot
Naturalistic acute pain states decoded from neural and facial dynamics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1055/a-1866-2943openalex-snapshot
Novel Method for Three-Dimensional Facial Expression Recognition Using Self-Normalizing Neural Networks and Mobile Devices
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002694openalex-snapshot
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Anesthesiology
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/pr9.0000000000001373openalex-snapshot
Validation of the integral of pain relief as a measure of chronic pain treatment efficacy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.10.593652openalex-snapshot
Naturalistic acute pain states decoded from neural and facial dynamics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3412836.3412840openalex-snapshot
Using computational ethnography to enhance the curation of real-world data (RWD) for chronic pain and invisible disability use cases
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9307316openalex-snapshot
ASAD: A Novel Audification Console for Assessment and Communication of Pain and Discomfort
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6018736openalex-snapshot
Artificial Intelligence for Automatic Pain Assessment: Research Methods and Perspectives
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/25158414241302871openalex-snapshot
Facial artificial intelligence in ophthalmology and medicine: fundamental and transformative applications
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v12.i4.681openalex-snapshot
Postoperative accurate pain assessment of children and artificial intelligence: A medical hypothesis and planned study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235545openalex-snapshot
Developing a pain intensity prediction model using facial expression: A feasibility study with electromyography
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2021.24openalex-snapshot
Facial Muscles Reactions to Other Person’s Facial Expressions of Pain
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s491574openalex-snapshot
Employing the Artificial Intelligence Object Detection Tool YOLOv8 for Real-Time Pain Detection: A Feasibility Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2217/pmt-2020-0005openalex-snapshot
Evaluation of Facial Electromyographic Pain Responses in Healthy Participants
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i10.2079openalex-snapshot
A Study of Patient’s Pain Assessment Based on Facial Expression: Issues and Challenges
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i10.2206openalex-snapshot
A Proposed Channel Estimation Based on Enhanced Sub-carrier Index Modulation and Packet-Discrete Wavelet Transform to Minimize Bit Error Rate
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3166/dea-2021-0174openalex-snapshot
Évaluer la douleur par reconnaissance automatique de l’expression faciale : un espoir illusoire ou la réalité pour demain ?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.33540/548openalex-snapshot
Clinical and molecular aspects of orbital inflammation and lymphoma
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.910824openalex-snapshot
The Current View on the Paradox of Pain in Autism Spectrum Disorders
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1016720openalex-snapshot
The neurobiology of pain and facial movements in rodents: Clinical applications and current research
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/ani14233414openalex-snapshot
Neurobiology and Anatomy of Facial Expressions in Great Apes: Application of the AnimalFACS and Its Possible Association with the Animal’s Affective State
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/ctn7040034openalex-snapshot
Activity of Corrugator Muscle with Pressure Pain Stimulation in Healthy People
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11111671openalex-snapshot
Real-Time Classification of Pain Level Using Zygomaticus and Corrugator EMG Features
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60020223openalex-snapshot
Corrugator Muscle Activity Associated with Pressure Pain in Adults with Neck/Shoulder Pain
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/s20020365openalex-snapshot
Sensor Technologies to Manage the Physiological Traits of Chronic Pain: A Review
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