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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-010-9128-2openalex-snapshot

A General Theories of Hate Crime? Strain, Doing Difference and Self Control

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-016-0361-xopenalex-snapshot

Wer ist in Deutschland willkommen?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.24007-5openalex-snapshot

Attitudes and Behavior

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.034openalex-snapshot

The General Aggression Model

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2011.06.010openalex-snapshot

Crime Story: The role of crime and immigration in the anti-immigration vote

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102047openalex-snapshot

The consequences of terrorism on migration attitudes across Europe

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.32openalex-snapshot

Crime in Germany as Portrayed by the Alternative for Germany (AfD)

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s000305540400098xopenalex-snapshot

Predisposing Factors and Situational Triggers: Exclusionary Reactions to Immigrant Minorities

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055409990360openalex-snapshot

Politicized Places: Explaining Where and When Immigrants Provoke Local Opposition

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055415000441openalex-snapshot

The Impact of Persistent Terrorism on Political Tolerance: Israel, 1980 to 2011

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055418000618openalex-snapshot

From Isolation to Radicalization: Anti-Muslim Hostility and Support for ISIS in the West

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055418000813openalex-snapshot

Does Exposure to the Refugee Crisis Make Natives More Hostile?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055418000886openalex-snapshot

“Judge Lynch” in the Court of Public Opinion: Publicity and the De-legitimation of Lynching

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s000712341700031xopenalex-snapshot

Economic and Cultural Drivers of Immigrant Support Worldwide

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.75.1.82openalex-snapshot

From lynching to gay bashing: The elusive connection between economic conditions and hate crime.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.82openalex-snapshot

From lynching to gay bashing: The elusive connection between economic conditions and hate crime.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1317670111openalex-snapshot

Causal effect of intergroup contact on exclusionary attitudes

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/016396202753424529openalex-snapshot

hate crimes against the Amish: a qualitative analysis of bias motivation using routine activities theory

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2019.1622826openalex-snapshot

Muslim by default or religious discrimination? Results from a cross-national field experiment on hiring discrimination

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1086/669605openalex-snapshot

Terrorist Events and Attitudes toward Immigrants: A Natural Experiment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1086/684438openalex-snapshot

Doing Violence, Making Race: Southern Lynching and White Racial Group Formation

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaa007openalex-snapshot

‘Cologne Changed Everything’—The Effect of Threatening Events on the Frequency and Distribution of Intergroup Conflict in Germany

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaa055openalex-snapshot

Explaining Ethnic Violence: On the Relevance of Geographic, Social, Economic, and Political Factors in Hate Crimes on Refugees

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcy038openalex-snapshot

Threatening Events and Anti-Refugee Violence: An Empirical Analysis in the Wake of the Refugee Crisis during the Years 2015 and 2016 in Germany

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvaa045openalex-snapshot

Fanning the Flames of Hate: Social Media and Hate Crime

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spy002openalex-snapshot

Differentiated Threat and the Genesis of Prejudice: Group-Specific Antecedents of Homonegativity, Islamophobia, Anti-Semitism, and Anti-Immigrant Attitudes

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00262openalex-snapshot

Hate Crime Offenders: An Expanded Typology

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12022openalex-snapshot

HIGH TIMES FOR HATE CRIMES: EXPLAINING THE TEMPORAL CLUSTERING OF HATE‐MOTIVATED OFFENDING

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12449openalex-snapshot

Do Voters Polarize When Radical Parties Enter Parliament?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12692openalex-snapshot

How Terrorism Does (and Does Not) Affect Citizens’ Political Attitudes: A Meta‐Analysis

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00534.xopenalex-snapshot

Terror and Ethnocentrism: Foundations of American Support for the War on Terrorism

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12679openalex-snapshot

Attitudinal and Emotional Consequences of Islamist Terrorism. Evidence from the Berlin Attack

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12500openalex-snapshot

The lynching of African Americans in the U.S. South: A review of sociological and historical perspectives

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12896openalex-snapshot

Discrete Events and Hate Crimes: The Causal Role of the Brexit Referendum

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-121517-033306openalex-snapshot

Regression Discontinuity in Time: Considerations for Empirical Applications

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.479openalex-snapshot

Hate Crime: An Emergent Research Agenda

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183221126461openalex-snapshot

The Polarizing Effect of Anti-Immigrant Violence on Radical Right Sympathies in Germany

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912913517303openalex-snapshot

Group Size versus Change? Assessing Americans’ Perception of Local Immigration

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796818757264openalex-snapshot

Xenophobia before and after the Paris 2015 attacks: Evidence from a natural experiment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168016679590openalex-snapshot

Refugees welcome? A dataset on anti-refugee violence in Germany

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_6openalex-snapshot

Vicarious Retribution: The Role of Collective Blame in Intergroup Aggression

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20171175openalex-snapshot

From Extreme to Mainstream: The Erosion of Social Norms

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2011.58.1.21openalex-snapshot

Historical Events and Spaces of Hate: Hate Crimes against Arabs and Muslims in Post-9/11 America

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1787/30fe16d2-enopenalex-snapshot

International Migration Outlook 2022

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2795660openalex-snapshot

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3082972openalex-snapshot

Fanning the Flames of Hate: Social Media and Hate Crime

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3310352openalex-snapshot

Not in My Backyard: Do Increases in Immigration Cause Political Violence?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3322121openalex-snapshot

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3369665openalex-snapshot

The Logic of Fear: Populism and Media Coverage of Immigrant Crimes

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3506811openalex-snapshot

Do Far-Right Mayors Increase the Probability of Hate Crimes? Evidence From Italy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/1388607openalex-snapshot

Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/146245openalex-snapshot

A Statistical Analysis of Crime Against Foreigners in Unified Germany

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/4146935openalex-snapshot

Antiminority Riots in Unified Germany: Cultural Conflicts and Mischanneled Political Participation

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/9phkcopenalex-snapshot

Refugees Unwelcome? Changes in the Public Acceptance of Immigrants and Refugees in Germany in the Course of Europe’s "Immigration Crisis"

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/eykw2openalex-snapshot

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3386/w23602openalex-snapshot

Regression Discontinuity in Time: Considerations for Empirical Applications

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3386/w24003openalex-snapshot

When Should You Adjust Standard Errors for Clustering?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.48-4716openalex-snapshot

Immigration and conflict in Europe

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4580504openalex-extracted

When Prejudice Hits Home: Hate Crime and the Market for Mortgage Credit

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4635638openalex-extracted

Political Foundations of Racial Violence in the Post-Reconstruction South

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-48467-5_20openalex-snapshot

Folgen vorurteilsmotivierter Viktimisierung

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-50299-7_14openalex-snapshot

Diskriminierende Punitivität: Der Einfluss straftäterlicher Herkunft auf das individuelle Strafverlangen

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2022.102323openalex-snapshot

The 2015 Refugee Inflow and Concerns Over Immigration

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2212757120openalex-snapshot

Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income groups and are susceptible to violent political appeals

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2025.2516126openalex-snapshot

How parties respond to protests in a changing political landscape

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.001.0001openalex-snapshot

The Normalization of the Radical Right

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.002.0005openalex-snapshot

Dedication

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.002.0006openalex-snapshot

List of Figures

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.002.0007openalex-snapshot

List of Tables

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.003.0001openalex-snapshot

Introduction

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.003.0002openalex-snapshot

A norms-based theory of political supply and demand

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.003.0003openalex-snapshot

The three phases of political normalization

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.003.0004openalex-snapshot

Reported vote: An observational measure of political stigma

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.003.0005openalex-snapshot

First phase: The latency equilibrium

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.003.0006openalex-snapshot

Second phase: The activation stage

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.003.0007openalex-snapshot

Third phase: The surfacing equilibrium

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.003.0008openalex-snapshot

The normalization of the radical right in Germany

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.003.0009openalex-snapshot

Conclusion

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780198926740.005.0001openalex-snapshot

Additional materials and analyses

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12735openalex-snapshot

Discrimination, Inclusion, and Anti‐System Attitudes among Muslims in Germany

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/5s2cuopenalex-snapshot

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/a9x2sopenalex-snapshot

Shielding Voters? How Partisanship Shapes the Placement of Refugee Housing Facilities

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/gk9twopenalex-snapshot

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/h967eopenalex-snapshot

The Electoral Politics of Immigration and Crime

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/qvafwopenalex-snapshot

Introduction: "The Normalization of the Radical Right: A Norms Theory of Political Supply and Demand"

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3386/w34004openalex-snapshot

Political Foundations of Racial Violence in the Post-Reconstruction South

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