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Machine Learning- and Deep Learning-Based Multi-Model System for Hate Speech Detection on Facebook
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1 of the 44 references listed on this page is in the Retraction Watch database as retracted (export 2026-11-11): 10.1007/s11042-024-20590-4 (notice 2026-04-23).
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What this work says
Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67670-4_26openalex-snapshot
A Deep Dive into Multilingual Hate Speech Classification
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47765-2_1openalex-snapshot
Stock Market Performance Analytics Using XGBoost
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0026666openalex-snapshot
Naive (Bayes) at forty: The independence assumption in information retrieval
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-023-09642-7openalex-snapshot
UHated: hate speech detection in Urdu language using transfer learning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-20590-4openalex-snapshot
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Automatic emotion recognition using deep neural network
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114762openalex-snapshot
A probabilistic clustering model for hate speech classification in twitter
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osnem.2021.100194openalex-snapshot
Selecting and combining complementary feature representations and classifiers for hate speech detection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.04.252openalex-snapshot
DHOT-Repository and Classification of Offensive Tweets in the Hindi Language
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38171-0openalex-snapshot
Machine learning-based guilt detection in text
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79106-7openalex-snapshot
Roman urdu hate speech detection using hybrid machine learning models and hyperparameter optimization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2021.1988443openalex-snapshot
Semi-Supervised Self-Training of Hate and Offensive Speech from Social Media
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3100435openalex-snapshot
Detecting White Supremacist Hate Speech Using Domain Specific Word Embedding With Deep Learning and BERT
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3101977openalex-snapshot
Un-Compromised Credibility: Social Media Based Multi-Class Hate Speech Classification for Text
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3216375openalex-snapshot
Context-Aware Deep Learning Model for Detection of Roman Urdu Hate Speech on Social Media Platform
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3367281openalex-snapshot
Enhancing Hate Speech Detection in the Digital Age: A Novel Model Fusion Approach Leveraging a Comprehensive Dataset
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3452987openalex-snapshot
Enhancing Multilingual Hate Speech Detection: From Language-Specific Insights to Cross-Linguistic Integration
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487433openalex-snapshot
Improving Hate Speech Detection Using Double-Layers Hybrid CNN-RNN Model on Imbalanced Dataset
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icacs60934.2024.10473250openalex-snapshot
Hate Speech Detection in Roman Urdu using Machine Learning Techniques
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/iccisc52257.2021.9484922openalex-snapshot
Hate speech Detection in Asian Languages:A Survey
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ictbig64922.2024.10911696openalex-snapshot
Social Media Text Classification For Hate Speech Detection Using Different Feature Selection Techniques
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1967.1053964openalex-snapshot
Nearest neighbor pattern classification
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1958.tb00292.xopenalex-snapshot
The Regression Analysis of Binary Sequences
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-022-00319-9openalex-snapshot
Tackling racial bias in automated online hate detection: Towards fair and accurate detection of hateful users with geometric deep learning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3616111openalex-snapshot
EnML: Multi-label Ensemble Learning for Urdu Text Classification
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3711710openalex-snapshot
Hate Speech Detection Research in South Asian Languages: A Survey of Tasks, Datasets and Methods
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1013203451openalex-snapshot
Greedy function approximation: A gradient boosting machine.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.13053/cys-28-2-4130openalex-snapshot
Comparing Pre-trained Language Model for Arabic Hate Speech Detection
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.13053/cys-28-3-4724openalex-snapshot
Offensive Language and Hate Speech Detection Using Transformers and Ensemble Learning Approaches
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2023.0140542openalex-snapshot
Hate Speech Detection in Social Networks using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2024.0150557openalex-snapshot
Offensive Language Detection on Social Media using Machine Learning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.197openalex-snapshot
Hate-Speech and Offensive Language Detection in Roman Urdu
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.26686/wgtn.28509200openalex-snapshot
The Detection of Online Textual Hate Speech
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1179openalex-snapshot
Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder–Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/ai6020033openalex-snapshot
Hybrid Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Insult Detection in Roman Urdu Text
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8120170openalex-snapshot
Investigating Offensive Language Detection in a Low-Resource Setting with a Robustness Perspective
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020114openalex-snapshot
Detection of Depression Severity in Social Media Text Using Transformer-Based Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020139openalex-snapshot
ORUD-Detect: A Comprehensive Approach to Offensive Language Detection in Roman Urdu Using Hybrid Machine Learning–Deep Learning Models with Embedding Techniques
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/math11040969openalex-snapshot
Geo-Spatial Mapping of Hate Speech Prediction in Roman Urdu
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2019.90208openalex-snapshot
DETECTION OF HATE SPEECH IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: A SURVEY ON MULTILINGUAL CORPUS
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2372openalex-snapshot
Understanding hate speech: the HateInsights dataset and model interpretability
What points at this work
Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-09037-9_20openalex-snapshot
Sarcasm Detection in Roman Urdu Text: A Comprehensive Study Using Machine Learning and Large Language Model
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-30909-9_5openalex-snapshot
AI in Mental Health Monitoring: Depression Impacting Suicide
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-026-01270-5openalex-snapshot
HateXLM-BiA: Hate Speech Detection in Code-Mixed Social Media Text Using Transformer and Sequential Learning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01628-yopenalex-snapshot
Developing an Amh3MD as a multimodal dataset for the detection of information disorders
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.113147openalex-snapshot
Hate speech detection in Turkish: An ensemble transformer-based deep learning approach
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.08.343openalex-snapshot
Evaluating Data Augmentation and Half-Precision Efficiency in Transformer-based Hate Speech Classification
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/aic70896.2026.11717196openalex-snapshot
Multilingual Hate Speech Detection Using FastText Embeddings and Transformer-Based Architectures
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icaiss68683.2026.11526308openalex-snapshot
A Multi-Model Deep Learning Framework for Hate Speech Detection in Code-Mixed Low-Resource Languages
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icic68054.2025.11309575openalex-snapshot
Analysis of Public Sentiment Towards the 2025 Budget Efficiency Policy on Social Media X Using Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icrai70912.2026.11551965openalex-snapshot
Enhancing Deep Learning-Based Parkinson’s Disease Detection from Sustained Phonation Voice Signals using SMOTE for Data Imbalance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3776574.3832459openalex-snapshot
unibo_ccmmd@CC-MMD: Cross-Cultural Misogynistic Meme Detection with Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct and 4-bit QLoRA
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/a18070396openalex-snapshot
RU-OLD: A Comprehensive Analysis of Offensive Language Detection in Roman Urdu Using Hybrid Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Transformer Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/ai6070157openalex-snapshot
Multi-Level Depression Severity Detection with Deep Transformers and Enhanced Machine Learning Techniques
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/app16136478openalex-snapshot
A Hybrid Feature-Enhanced IndoBERT Framework with Controlled Semi-Supervised Learning for Low-Resource Indonesian Hate Speech Detection
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-3063-1.ch004openalex-snapshot
Algorithms Evaluation and Challenges in Automated Hate Speech Detection for Generative AI
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