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What Does the “Elephant-Equus” Event Mean Today? Reflections on Mammal Dispersal Events around the Pliocene-Pleistocene Boundary and the Flexible Ambiguity of Biochronology

https://doi.org/10.3390/quat6010016
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Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma
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Long Plio-Pleistocene Terrestrial Record of Climate Change and Mammal Turnover in Southern Spain
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2513-8openalex-snapshot
European Neogene Mammal Chronology
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8714-0openalex-snapshot
Late Cenozoic Yushe Basin, Shanxi Province, China: Geology and Fossil Mammals
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6238-1_199openalex-snapshot
Geologic Time Scale
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Mesopithecus (Primates: Cercopithecoidea) from Villafranca d’Asti (Early Villafranchian; NW Italy) and palaeoecological context of its extinction
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Suidae Transition at the Miocene-Pliocene Boundary: a Reassessment of the Taxonomy and Chronology of Propotamochoerus provincialis
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A Techno-Functional Interpretation of the Lithic Assemblage from Fontana Ranuccio (Anagni, Central Italy): an Insight into a MIS 11 Human Behaviour
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(78)90087-1openalex-snapshot
Palaeomagnetic time scale of the Ponto-Caspian Plio-Pleistocene deposits
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(83)90008-1openalex-snapshot
Quaternary mammals and the “end-Villafranchian” dispersal event — A turning point in the history of Eurasia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90082-xopenalex-snapshot
Late pliocene to early mid-pleistocene mammals in Eurasia: Faunal succession and dispersal events
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484(92)90033-6openalex-snapshot
Large carnivores and earliest European hominids: changing determinants of resource availability during the Lower and Middle Pleistocene
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2008.11.004openalex-snapshot
The spatial structure of habitat selection: A caribou's-eye-view
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2013.01.002openalex-snapshot
Earliest occurrence of Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora, Felidae) at the Plio/Pleistocene transition in western Europe: New evidence from the Middle Villafranchian assemblage of Montopoli, Italy
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2017.09.003openalex-snapshot
Faunal dynamics in SW Europe during the late Early Pleistocene: Palaeobiogeographical insights and biochronological issues
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103610openalex-snapshot
A review of the land snail faunas of the European Cenozoic – composition, diversity and turnovers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103784openalex-snapshot
Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecology
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2021.11.001openalex-snapshot
The equids from Liventsovka and other localities of the Khaprovskii Faunal Complex, Russia: A revision
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A revision of hominin fossil teeth from Fontana Ranuccio (Middle Pleistocene, Anagni, Frosinone, Italy)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102946openalex-snapshot
Macaca ulna from new excavations at the Notarchirico Acheulean site (Middle Pleistocene, Venosa, southern Italy)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103051openalex-snapshot
The Dmanisi Equus: Systematics, biogeography, and paleoecology
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.04.015openalex-snapshot
Bioclimatic analysis of rodent palaeofaunas reveals severe climatic changes in Southwestern Europe during the Plio-Pleistocene
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2019.05.003openalex-snapshot
New fossils of Eucladoceros boulei (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Early Pleistocene Nihewan Beds, China
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40Ar/39Ar constraints on some French landmark Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene large mammalian paleofaunas: Paleoenvironmental and paleoecological implications
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The pattern and process of mammoth evolution in Eurasia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2004.04.018openalex-snapshot
Elephant fossil record from Italy: knowledge, problems, and perspectives
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.10.003openalex-snapshot
Biochronology and biochron boundaries: A real dilemma or a false problem? An example based on the Pleistocene large mammalian faunas from Italy
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.09.005openalex-snapshot
New data on the Early Villafranchian fauna from Vialette (Haute-Loire, France) based on the collection of the Crozatier Museum (Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loire, France)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.001openalex-snapshot
Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of the carnivore community in Europe during the last 3 million years
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.10.026openalex-snapshot
Proposal for Pliocene and Pleistocene land–sea correlation in the Italian area
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.01.007openalex-snapshot
Villafranchian: The long story of a Plio-Pleistocene European large mammal biochronologic unit
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Mammuthus rumanus, early mammoths, and migration out of Africa: Some interrelated problems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.009openalex-snapshot
New developments in the Upper Pliocene–Pleistocene stratigraphic units of the Dacian Basin (Eastern Paratethys), Romania
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.11.015openalex-snapshot
The Polish fossil record of the wolf Canis and the deer Alces, Capreolus, Megaloceros, Dama and Cervus in an evolutionary perspective
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.12.031openalex-snapshot
Resource partitioning and niche separation between mammoths (Mammuthus rumanus and Mammuthus meridionalis) and gomphotheres (Anancus arvernensis) in the Early Pleistocene of Europe
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.12.033openalex-snapshot
An early mammoth maxilla from north-western Greece
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.06.039openalex-snapshot
Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Past, present, and future
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.07.010openalex-snapshot
The earliest elephants out of Africa: Taxonomy and taphonomy of proboscidean remains from Bethlehem
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.09.029openalex-snapshot
A new primitive elephantid from Turkey
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.01.011openalex-snapshot
Late Cenozoic mammalian faunal evolution at the Jinyuan Cave site of Luotuo Hill, Dalian, Northeast China
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.07.020openalex-snapshot
Western Palaearctic palaeoenvironmental conditions during the Early and early Middle Pleistocene inferred from large mammal communities, and implications for hominin dispersal in Europe
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.06.003openalex-snapshot
The second complete skeleton of Archidiskodon meridionalis (Elephantidae, Proboscidea) from the Stavropol Region, Russia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.03.021openalex-snapshot
Integrated geochronology of Acheulian sites from the southern Latium (central Italy): Insights on human-environment interaction and the technological innovations during the MIS 11-MIS 10 period
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105885openalex-snapshot
Erq el Ahmar Elephant Site – A mammoth skeleton at a rare and controversial Plio-Pleistocene site along the mammal migration route out of Africa
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106114openalex-snapshot
Timing of Quaternary geomagnetic reversals and excursions in volcanic and sedimentary archives
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107240openalex-snapshot
The extinction of the giant hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris and a reappraisal of the Epivillafranchian and Galerian Hyaenidae in Europe: Faunal turnover during the Early–Middle Pleistocene Transition
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(04)80019-6openalex-snapshot
Les Équidés (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) de Saint-Vallier (Drôme, France) et les Équidés plio-pléistocènes d'Europe
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(98)80052-1openalex-snapshot
The fossil horses (Equidae, Mammalia)from the Plio-Pleistocene of Liventsovka near Rostov-Don, Russia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(01)00407-2openalex-snapshot
Intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciations in the circum Atlantic region (3.5–2.4 Ma) – ice-rafted detritus evidence
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.99openalex-snapshot
New insights on the Early Pleistocene equids from Roca-Neyra (France, central Europe): implications for theHipparionLAD and theEquusFAD in Europe
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756898001745openalex-snapshot
Pollen and dinoflagellates from the Red Crag at Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex: evidence for a mild climatic phase during the early Late Pliocene of eastern England
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000036350openalex-snapshot
A quantitative review of European stenonoid horses
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300026919openalex-snapshot
The quality of the fossil record: A sequence stratigraphic perspective
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s1464793104006670openalex-snapshot
A complete estimate of the phylogenetic relationships in Ruminantia: a dated species-level supertree of the extant ruminants
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/287135a0openalex-snapshot
Pliocene dispersal of the horse Equus and late Cenozoic mammalian dispersal events
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06812-5openalex-snapshot
A Middle Pleistocene wolf from central Italy provides insights on the first occurrence of Canis lupus in Europe
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00158-yopenalex-snapshot
Neogene hyperaridity in Arabia drove the directions of mammalian dispersal between Africa and Eurasia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6409.2000.00034.xopenalex-snapshot
Extant and fossil Equus (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) skulls: a morphometric definition of the subgenus Equus
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1803340openalex-snapshot
African Land Mammal Ages
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/03009480510012854openalex-snapshot
What status for the Quaternary?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2021.1902999openalex-snapshot
Neurocranial anatomy of Sus arvernensis (Suidae, Mammalia) from Collepardo (Early Villafranchian; central Italy): taxonomic and biochronological implications
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2021.1935920openalex-snapshot
Palaeoenvironments of the MIS 15 site of Cava di Breccia - Casal Selce 2 (central Italian Peninsula) and niche occupation of fossil ungulates during Middle Pleistocene interglacials
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2057226openalex-snapshot
The scarcity of fossils in the African rainforest. Archaeo-paleontological surveys and actualistic taphonomy in Equatorial Guinea
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1086/203117openalex-snapshot
Fontana Ranuccio: Italy's Earliest Middle Pleistocene Hominid Site
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198546528.001.0001openalex-snapshot
The Proboscidea
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1988.0125openalex-snapshot
Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Red Crag and Norwich Crag formations between Aldeburgh and Sizewell, Suffolk, England
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1059412openalex-snapshot
Trends, Rhythms, and Aberrations in Global Climate 65 Ma to Present
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1116412openalex-snapshot
The Phanerozoic Record of Global Sea-Level Change
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/190/1993/1openalex-snapshot
A new Cervus elaphus subspecies of Middle Pleistocene age
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1130/g22206.1openalex-snapshot
Completeness of the fossil record: Estimating losses due to small body size
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.3.0453openalex-snapshot
Lazarus taxa and fossil abundance at times of biotic crisis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2000.181.01.15openalex-snapshot
Large mammal turnover pulses correlated with latest Neogene glacial trends in the northwestern Mediterranean region
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2005.247.01.08openalex-snapshot
Pollen records and climatic cycles in the North Mediterranean region since 2.7 Ma
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2019-056openalex-snapshot
Where does the time go? Assessing the chronostratigraphic fidelity of sedimentary geological outcrops in the Pliocene–Pleistocene Red Crag Formation, eastern England
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2003)279<0212:c>2.0.co;2openalex-snapshot
Chapter 10
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/5299openalex-snapshot
BIOCHRONOLOGY OF SELECTED MAMMALS, MOLLUSCS AND OSTRACODS FROM THE MIDDLE PLIOCENE TO THE LATE PLEISTOCENE IN ITALY. THE STATE OF THE ART
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/8915openalex-snapshot
THE GENUS URSUS IN EURASIA: DISPERSAL EVENTS AND STRATIGRAPHICAL SIGNIFICANCE
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189773openalex-snapshot
The Middle Pleistocene (MIS 12) human dental remains from Fontana Ranuccio (Latium) and Visogliano (Friuli-Venezia Giulia), Italy. A comparative high resolution endostructural assessment
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520257214.001.0001openalex-snapshot
Cenozoic Mammals of Africa
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1666/09075.1openalex-snapshot
Determinants of species abundance in the Quaternary vertebrate fossil record
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.17735/cyg.v35i3-4.89346openalex-snapshot
Tabla cronoestratigráfica del Cuaternario de la península ibérica (v 3.0): Nuevos datos estratigráficos, paleontológicos y arqueológicos
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i2/002openalex-snapshot
The Gelasian Stage (Upper Pliocene): A new unit of the global standard chronostratigraphic scale
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2010/v33i3/002openalex-snapshot
The newly-ratified definition of the Quaternary System/Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/1006229openalex-snapshot
Origin and Evolution of the Elephantidae
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/1006558openalex-snapshot
Fossil Elephantoids: From the Hominid-Bearing Awash Group, Middle Awash Valley, Afar Depression, Ethiopia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2478/if-2017-0006openalex-snapshot
Light and shadows in the evolution of South European stenonoid horses
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.26382/amq.2021.01openalex-snapshot
NEW DATA ON THE MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE SMALL MAMMAL FAUNA FROM THE HOMO BEARING SITE OF FONTANA RANUCCIO (ANAGNI BASIN, CENTRAL ITALY)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.26382/amq.2021.07openalex-snapshot
LARGE MAMMALS FROM THE MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE (MIS 11) SITE OF FONTIGNANO 2 (ROME, CENTRAL ITALY), WITH AN OVERVIEW OF “SAN COSIMATO” ASSEMBLAGES
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2010.314.2.197openalex-snapshot
Evolution of the elephants of the mammoth lineage in the Northern Caucasus (Russia) in the Pliocene and Pleistocene
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00301openalex-snapshot
Biostratigraphy and Palaeoecology of European Equus
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00343openalex-snapshot
What Is Equus? Reconciling Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Analyses
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00429openalex-snapshot
The Equus Datum and the Early Radiation of Equus in China
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/quat4020012openalex-snapshot
Reconsidering the Equids from the Early Pleistocene Fauna of Apollonia 1 (Mygdonia Basin, Greece)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/quat5030038openalex-snapshot
Old World Fossil Equus (Perissodactyla, Mammalia), Extant Wild Relatives and Incertae Sedis Forms
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3989/egeol.97531-2248openalex-snapshot
La fauna villafranquiense de El Rincón-1 (Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4000/quaternaire.969openalex-snapshot
The Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary : which significance for the so called “Wolf Event”? Evidences from Western Europe
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00499.2018openalex-snapshot
Synopsis of the terrestrial vertebrate faunas from the Middle Kura Basin (Eastern Georgia and Western Azerbaijan, South Caucasus)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4435/bspi.2018.13openalex-snapshot
Equus cf. Livenzovensis from montopoli, Italy (early pleistocene; mn16b; ca. 2.6 ma)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_jige.2014.v40.n1.44093openalex-snapshot
Villafranchian large mammals from the Iberian Peninsula: paleobiogeography, paleoecology and dispersal events
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a6openalex-snapshot
Mammuthus meridionalis (Nesti, 1825) from Apollonia-1 (Mygdonia Basin, Northern Greece) and its importance within the Early Pleistocene mammoth evolution in Europe
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61447openalex-snapshot
Fauna antiqua sivalensis, being the fossil zoology of the Sewalik Hills, in the north of India /
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.7203/sjp.32.1.17040openalex-snapshot
A catalogue of the vertebrate fossil record from the Guadix-Baza Basin (SE Spain)

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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The Hungarian fossil record of the Pliocene pig Sus arvernensis (Suidae, Mammalia)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3639openalex-snapshot
Early occurrence of lion (Panthera spelaea) at the Middle Pleistocene Acheulean site of Notarchirico (MIS 16, Italy)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64415-3_17openalex-snapshot
Biochronology of the Senèze Faunal Assemblage
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2023.03.001openalex-snapshot
Sus strozzii (Suidae, Mammalia) from the historical locality of Quercia (Early Pleistocene, Italy)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108428openalex-snapshot
Lost in the collections. A critical re-appraisal on Equus major provides a new perspective on the paleobiogeography of the Plio-Pleistocene European equids and on the Equus Datum
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108894openalex-snapshot
Human exploitation of a straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon) in Middle Pleistocene deposits at Pampore, Kashmir, India
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Palaeoecological characterization of the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition on the Mediterranean littoral area: Almenara-Casablanca (Castellón, eastern Spain)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.110289openalex-snapshot
Mammalian turnover across the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition: New evidence from the ∼3.0 Ma Dongyancun Fauna, North China
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Multidisciplinary approach to Mammuthus meridionalis from the late-Early Pleistocene archaeological site of Barranc de la Boella (Tarragona, North-East Iberia)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293405openalex-snapshot
Reinforcing the idea of an early dispersal of Hippopotamus amphibius in Europe: Restoration and multidisciplinary study of the skull from the Middle Pleistocene of Cava Montanari (Rome, central Italy)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/quat7010011openalex-snapshot
The Occurrence of Suids in the Post-Olduvai to Pre-Jaramillo Pleistocene of Europe and Implications for Late Villafranchian Biochronology and Faunal Dynamics
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The Late Pliocene–Middle Pleistocene Large Mammal Faunal Units of Greece
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/quat7040043openalex-snapshot
The Final Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Faunal Dispersals from East to Europe and Correlation of the Villafranchian Biochronology between Eastern and Western Europe
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/quat8010008openalex-snapshot
On the Inconsistency of the “Suid Gap” Hypothesis and Its Inappropriate Biochronological Use in Dating the Localities of Orce (Venta Micena, Barranco León D, and Fuente Nueva 3). Reply to Martínez-Navarro et al. Comment on “Iannucci, A. The Occurrence of Suids in the Post-Olduvai to Pre-Jaramillo…
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1833-2026openalex-snapshot
Detection of dietary stress and geophagic behaviour forced by dry seasons in Miocene Gomphotherium
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