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How Visual Experience Shapes Face Processing: Divergent Representational Strategies Emerge from Specialized and Diverse Visual Diets in Artificial Neural Networks

https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.02.01.703162

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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The origin of cognitive modules for face processing: A computational evolutionary perspective

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The Neural Basis of the Behavioral Face-Inversion Effect

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Roots of a social brain: Developmental models of emerging animacy-detection mechanisms

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A unifying framework for functional organization in early and higher ventral visual cortex

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Face specific inversion effects provide evidence for two subtypes of developmental prosopagnosia

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The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants

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Social Origins of Cortical Face Areas

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Better artificial intelligence does not mean better models of biology

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The distributed human neural system for face perception

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Do you see the “face”? Individual differences in face pareidolia

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CONSPEC and CONLERN: A two-process theory of infant face recognition.

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What causes the face inversion effect?

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Looking at upside-down faces.

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Age in the development of closure ability in children.

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Subcortical face processing

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Convergent evolution of face spaces across human face-selective neuronal groups and deep convolutional networks

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A self-supervised domain-general learning framework for human ventral stream representation

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Double dissociation of dynamic and static face perception provides causal evidence for a third visual pathway

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A domain-relevant framework for the development of face processing

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Finding a Face in a Face-like Object

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Unsupervised neural network models of the ventral visual stream

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Behavioral signatures of face perception emerge in deep neural networks optimized for face recognition

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Genetic and neuronal basis for facial emotion perception in humans and macaques

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Seeing face-like objects: an event-related potential study

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1784openalex-snapshot

Lateralization of face processing in the human brain

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Mooney Face Image Processing in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Compared to Humans

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ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database

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StarGAN v2: Diverse Image Synthesis for Multiple Domains

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VGGFace2: A Dataset for Recognising Faces across Pose and Age

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InfAnFace: Bridging the Infant–Adult Domain Gap in Facial Landmark Estimation in the Wild

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Face preference at birth: the role of an orienting mechanism

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Do Humans and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Use Visual Information Similarly for the Categorization of Natural Scenes?

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Faces are special for newly hatched chicks: evidence for inborn domain‐specific mechanisms underlying spontaneous preferences for face‐like stimuli

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Face recognition in infants: A review of behavioral and near‐infrared spectroscopic studies

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Brain-like functional specialization emerges spontaneously in deep neural networks

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Contrastive learning explains the emergence and function of visual category-selective regions

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A Revised Neural Framework for Face Processing

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094238openalex-snapshot

Mechanisms of Face Perception

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1997.9.5.555openalex-snapshot

What Is Special about Face Recognition? Nineteen Experiments on a Person with Visual Object Agnosia and Dyslexia but Normal Face Recognition

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1997.9.5.605openalex-snapshot

Face-Specific Processing in the Human Fusiform Gyrus

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.5.6openalex-snapshot

Serial dependence in time and numerosity perception is dimension-specific

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Human-like face pareidolia emerges in deep neural networks optimized for face and object recognition

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200106openalex-snapshot

Mooney face stimuli for visual perception research

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The Fusiform Face Area: A Module in Human Extrastriate Cortex Specialized for Face Perception

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The Face Module Emerged in a Deep Convolutional Neural Network Selectively Deprived of Face Experience

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The Face Inversion Effect in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

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A Large-Scale Car Dataset for Fine-Grained Categorization and Verification

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