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Can Multimodal Large Language Models Grade Like an Expert? A Study on UML Class Diagram Assessment Accuracy

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.4069openalex-snapshot
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Automated Grading in Coding Exercises Using Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-023-01105-5openalex-snapshot
On the assessment of generative AI in modeling tasks: an experience report with ChatGPT and UML
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11834-1openalex-snapshot
Large language models in education: A focus on the complementary relationship between human teachers and ChatGPT
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-024-10602-0openalex-snapshot
Towards an understanding of large language models in software engineering tasks
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-024-00403-3openalex-snapshot
GPT-4 in Education: Evaluating Aptness, Reliability, and Loss of Coherence in Solving Calculus Problems and Grading Submissions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-024-00448-4openalex-snapshot
Can we Use GPT-4 as a Mathematics Evaluator in Education?: Exploring the Efficacy and Limitation of LLM-based Automatic Assessment System for Open-ended Mathematics Question
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00424-7openalex-snapshot
A systematic literature review to implement large language model in higher education: issues and solutions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100210openalex-snapshot
Fine-tuning ChatGPT for automatic scoring
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.06.004openalex-snapshot
Online formative assessment in higher education: A review of the literature
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2023.05.001openalex-snapshot
Exploring the use of large language models (LLMs) in chemical engineering education: Building core course problem models with Chat-GPT
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274openalex-snapshot
ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102601openalex-snapshot
Taking the next step with generative artificial intelligence: The transformative role of multimodal large language models in science education
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2023.100050openalex-snapshot
Exploring the potential of using an AI language model for automated essay scoring
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.641openalex-snapshot
Adaptive intelligent tutoring systems for e-learning systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c00111openalex-snapshot
Integrating Large Language Models into the Chemistry and Materials Science Laboratory Curricula
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988510openalex-snapshot
Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3177752openalex-snapshot
A Review of the Trends and Challenges in Adopting Natural Language Processing Methods for Education Feedback Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/asew52652.2021.00030openalex-snapshot
Classification of UML Diagrams to Support Software Engineering Education
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386743openalex-snapshot
Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/educon.2010.5492473openalex-snapshot
A web-based e-learning tool for UML class diagrams
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icsa59870.2024.00016openalex-snapshot
Can LLMs Generate Architectural Design Decisions? - An Exploratory Empirical Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/mipro60963.2024.10569238openalex-snapshot
Hallucinations in LLMs: Understanding and Addressing Challenges
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3368208openalex-snapshot
Software Testing With Large Language Models: Survey, Landscape, and Vision
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/wacvw60836.2024.00106openalex-snapshot
A Survey on Multimodal Large Language Models for Autonomous Driving
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/134421.134436openalex-snapshot
Hawaii international conference on system sciences
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1999747openalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 16th annual joint conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1999747.1999761openalex-snapshot
Automated checks on UML diagrams
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/290320.283089openalex-snapshot
An automated student diagram assessment system
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3365438.3410944openalex-snapshot
Is automated grading of models effective?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3513140openalex-snapshot
Automated Assessment in Computer Science Education: A State-of-the-Art Review
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Efficient Transformers: A Survey
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3637528.3671498openalex-snapshot
AI for Education (AI4EDU): Advancing Personalized Education with LLM and Adaptive Learning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3641289openalex-snapshot
A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3649217.3653621openalex-snapshot
Self-Regulation, Self-Efficacy, and Fear of Failure Interactions with How Novices Use LLMs to Solve Programming Problems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662036openalex-snapshot
Evaluating the Effectiveness of LLMs in Introductory Computer Science Education: A Semester-Long Field Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3664606openalex-snapshot
Unveiling Code Pre-Trained Models: Investigating Syntax and Semantics Capacities
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3664646.3664765openalex-snapshot
A Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models for Code Documentation Generation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3703155openalex-snapshot
A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3709599openalex-snapshot
From Prompt Engineering to Prompt Science with Humans in the Loop
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3712005openalex-snapshot
The Current Challenges of Software Engineering in the Era of Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3715003openalex-snapshot
The Future of AI-Driven Software Engineering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3715964openalex-snapshot
Automating Research Synthesis with Domain-Specific Large Language Model Fine-Tuning
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1306039openalex-snapshot
A Systematic Review of Deep Learning Approaches to Educational Data Mining
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00660openalex-snapshot
Automatically Correcting Large Language Models: Surveying the Landscape of Diverse Automated Correction Strategies
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0openalex-snapshot
Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1201/9780367746025openalex-snapshot
Software Engineering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.15448/2178-3640.2020.2.38749openalex-snapshot
Artificial intelligence adaptive learning tools
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.acl-industry.4openalex-snapshot
MathPrompter: Mathematical Reasoning using Large Language Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.starsem-1.22openalex-snapshot
Limits for learning with language models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp.477openalex-snapshot
Large Language Models are Students at Various Levels: Zero-shot Question Difficulty Estimation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2196/59505openalex-snapshot
Multimodal Large Language Models in Health Care: Applications, Challenges, and Future Outlook
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2021.0430.06openalex-snapshot
Automated Class Diagram Assessment using Semantic and Structural Similarities
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13428openalex-snapshot
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/info13040203openalex-snapshot
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Approaches in Digital Education: A Systematic Revision
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.itp.2023.19openalex-snapshot
Exploiting Generative AI to Scale up Intelligent Tutoring Systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5220/0013481900003932openalex-snapshot
Toward Automated UML Diagram Assessment: Comparing LLM-Generated Scores with Teaching Assistants

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-36590-3_22openalex-snapshot
Assessment of SOLID Principles in UML Class Diagrams Using LLMs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-38498-0_24openalex-snapshot
Evaluating LLM-Generated Conceptual Models: A Theoretical Approach for Formalizing the Calculation of Metrics on the Meta Level
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-026-01427-0openalex-snapshot
Generating UML class diagrams as conceptual models through large language models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.103144openalex-snapshot
A comparative analytical study of LLM-based automated grading in programming education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2026.2629556openalex-snapshot
Performance of multimodal large language model in understanding digital UML class diagram
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/rew72749.2026.00060openalex-snapshot
Towards Satisfaction Analysis of GRL Model Images Using Vision-Enabled LLMS
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3822455.3830312openalex-snapshot
Not All Differences Matter: Variability Exploration of Domain Models via Agentic AI
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3837062.3838917openalex-snapshot
Enhancing Software-Design Learning by Combining UML and LLM-Assisted Feedback in a Learning Platform
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3837062.3839375openalex-snapshot
On the Non-Interchangeability of Deterministic and LLM-Based UML Evaluators
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8985839/v1openalex-snapshot
Architectural Transparency in LLM-Based Cognitive Assessment: A Multidimensional TRACE-ED Evaluation of Single-Agent and Multi-Agent Systems
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16010123openalex-snapshot
Vision-Language Models in Teaching and Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
Editorial review for independent work. ICSAC — the Institute for Complexity Science and Advanced Computing — runs a structured editorial panel for researchers publishing outside journals, and publishes on CiteStamp rails. Submission is free and goes through ORCID: icsacinstitute.org/submit.