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Strategic groups as reference groups: Theory, modeling and empirical examination of industry and competitive strategy

https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250160605
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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Strategies for change
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The concept of stable strategic time periods in strategic group research
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Strategic groupings as competitive benchmarks for formulating future competitive strategy: A modelling approach
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Strategic groups: Untested assertions and research proposals
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The concept of strategic groups: Theoretical construct or analytical convenience
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Industry influences on strategy reformulation
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An application of clustering for strategic group analysis
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Strategic groups: Theory, research and taxonomy
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Strategic groups, asymmetrical mobility barriers and contestability
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Performance differences among strategic group members
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Research notes and communications strategic groups: A further comment
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Strategic groups and performance: The U.S. insurance industry, 1970–84
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Strategic renewal and the interaction of cumulative stress and inertia
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Rivalry, strategic groups and firm profitability
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Strategic groups: A cognitive perspective
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Information, market imperfections and strategy
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COMPETITIVE GROUPS AS COGNITIVE COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF SCOTTISH KNITWEAR MANUFACTURERS*
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The Structure within Industries and Companies' Performance
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The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2392767openalex-snapshot
Technology as an Occasion for Structuring: Evidence from Observations of CT Scanners and the Social Order of Radiology Departments
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2489971openalex-snapshot
Industry Averages as Targets for Financial Ratios
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2490952openalex-snapshot
Generalized Financial Ratio Adjustment Processes and Their Implications
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Further Properties of Efficient Estimators for Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations
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Elements of Econometrics.
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The Theory and Practice of Econometrics.
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Momentum and Revolution in Organizational Adaptation
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A Strategic Model of the U.S. Brewing Industry: 1952-1971
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/256365openalex-snapshot
STRATEGIC GROUP DYNAMICS .
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/257814openalex-snapshot
Organizations and Environments
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2583146openalex-snapshot
The Dynamics of Strategic Change
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/258499openalex-snapshot
Organizations: A Quantum View
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Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/3003047openalex-snapshot
Cartels, Competition and Regulation in the Property-Liability Insurance Industry
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.15701openalex-snapshot
Elements of Econometrics
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674188037openalex-snapshot
Barriers to New Competition
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The Psychology of Personal Constructs
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THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS
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The Core Competence of the Corporation
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An Empirical Typology of Mature Industrial-Product Environments
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Measuring Organizational Strategies: Some Theoretical and Methodological Problems
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Toward a Model of Organizations as Interpretation Systems
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Taxonomic Mental Models in Competitor Definition
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The dynamics of strategic change

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Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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Asymmetric rivalry between strategic groups: response, speed of response and ex ante vs. ex post competitive interaction in the spanish bank deposit market
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Information- and rivalry-based perspectives on reactive patent litigation strategy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.11.008openalex-snapshot
Senior management perceptions of aspirational groups: A study of the UK general insurance market
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.12.026openalex-snapshot
Relative buyer-supplier relational strength and supplier's information sharing with the buyer
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.12.030openalex-snapshot
From value chains to technological platforms: The effects of crowdfunding in the digital game industry
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.08.001openalex-snapshot
Social pay reference point, external environment, and risk taking: An integrated behavioral and social psychological view
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.038openalex-snapshot
Competing assessments of market-driven, sustainability-centered, and stakeholder-focused approaches to the customer-brand relationships and performance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113553openalex-snapshot
How historical and social aspirations reshape the relationship between corporate financial performance and corporate social responsibility
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113760openalex-snapshot
Predicting primary and secondary stakeholder engagement: A CEO motivation-means contingency model
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.02.010openalex-snapshot
New to the game and questioning the rules: The experiences and beliefs of founders who start imitative versus innovative firms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2015.08.001openalex-snapshot
The many faces of entrepreneurial failure: Insights from an empirical taxonomy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2012.01.002openalex-snapshot
Testing an organizational innovativeness integrative model across cultures
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2023.103875openalex-snapshot
Who leads and who follows? The cross-border peer effect in investment by Chinese and US firms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.002openalex-snapshot
Research on Competitive Dynamics: Recent Accomplishments and Future Challenges
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2017.11.003openalex-snapshot
The doctrine of the mean: Reference groups and public information systems development
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2018.12.003openalex-snapshot
Domestic competitor influence on internationalizing SMEs as an industry evolves
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2025.101626openalex-snapshot
Negative performance feedback, CEO power and internationalization
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2015.05.001openalex-snapshot
Product Technology Imitation Over the Product Diffusion Cycle: Which Companies and Product Innovations do Competitors Imitate More Quickly?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.07.004openalex-snapshot
Innovators and imitators: Organizational reference groups and adoption of organizational routines
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2026.105430openalex-snapshot
Hold or hurry? Speed of imitation of rivals' innovations in changing technological landscapes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.143openalex-snapshot
Rules of the Game: Strategy in Football Industry
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2004.05.004openalex-snapshot
The emotional base of interaction among competitors—an evaluative dimension of cognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2009.06.004openalex-snapshot
Industry- and company-level factors influencing the development of the forest energy business — insights from a Delphi Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2010.03.001openalex-snapshot
Breadth-of-impact frontier: How firm-level decisions and selection environment dynamics generate boundary-spanning inventions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.06.016openalex-snapshot
But not all social media are the same: Analyzing organizations’ social media usage patterns
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.11.006openalex-snapshot
Strategic groups in the hospitality industry: Intergroup and intragroup performance differences in Alicante, Spain
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-6301(97)00045-9openalex-snapshot
The theory and practice of competence-based competition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(02)00468-xopenalex-snapshot
The dominant strategic positioning of foreign MNCs: a typological approach and the experience of Israeli industries
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s0149-2063(00)00063-5openalex-snapshot
Convergence Versus Strategic Reorientation: The Antecedents of Fast-paced Organizational Change
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4972(01)00120-1openalex-snapshot
Resource dependence and core competence: insights from Indian software firms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s0733-558x(06)24003-5openalex-snapshot
The Strategic Positioning of Professional Service Firm Start-Ups: Balance Beguiles but Purism Pays
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17031-7openalex-snapshot
The great disciplinary divide
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(03)20005-xopenalex-snapshot
INTERORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING AND THE LOCATION OF MANUFACTURING SUBSIDIARIES: IS CHAIN MIGRATION ALSO A CORPORATE BEHAVIOR?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(05)22005-3openalex-snapshot
Interorganizational Monitoring: Process, Choices, and Outcomes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(06)23013-4openalex-snapshot
Dynamics of Competitive Repositioning: A Multidimensional Approach
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s1135-2523(12)60111-7openalex-snapshot
ESTUDIO DEL PERFORMANCE DE LOS GRUPOS ESTRATÉGICOS EN EL SISTEMA DE FRANQUICIA ESPAÑOL
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s1475-9144(03)02010-1openalex-snapshot
MULTI-LEVEL INFLUENCES ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: INSIGHTS FROM THE RESOURCE-BASED VIEW AND STRATEGIC GROUPS RESEARCH
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s1479-8387(04)01101-4openalex-snapshot
THE STATE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND A VISION OF THE FUTURE
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s1479-8387(04)01105-1openalex-snapshot
LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/s1479-8387(07)04004-0openalex-snapshot
Toward Greater Integration of the Resource-Based View and Strategic Groups Research: An Illustration Using Random Coefficients Modeling
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511615139openalex-snapshot
Organizational Learning from Performance Feedback
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511615139.001openalex-snapshot
Introduction
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511615139.002openalex-snapshot
Foundations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511615139.003openalex-snapshot
Model
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511615139.004openalex-snapshot
Applications
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511615139.005openalex-snapshot
Advanced topics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511615139.006openalex-snapshot
Conclusion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511615139.007openalex-snapshot
References
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.58openalex-snapshot
Looking backward through the looking glass: Reference groups and social comparison
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s1365100525100461openalex-snapshot
Why do firms choose to greenwash: an evolutionary analysis of greenwashing incentives and deterrents
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-00772-8_274openalex-snapshot
Strategic Groups
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Strategic Imitation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-00772-8_328openalex-snapshot
Adaptive Aspirations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_274-1openalex-snapshot
Strategic Groups
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_275-1openalex-snapshot
Strategic Imitation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_328-1openalex-snapshot
Adaptive Aspirations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523135_14openalex-snapshot
Strategic Management: Its Development and Future Directions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/9781137374127_2openalex-snapshot
Competitive Dynamics Research
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/9781137374127_5openalex-snapshot
New Technology Imitation: Who Is Copied More Quickly?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/9781137374127_6openalex-snapshot
Aligning with Competitors when Adopting New Product Technologies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/crr.2011.4openalex-snapshot
Re-Assessing the Relationship between the Fortune Reputation Data and Financial Performance: Overwhelming Influence or Just a Part of the Puzzle?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/gpp.2015.28openalex-snapshot
Strategic Group Performance and Dynamics under Different Economic Conditions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1540144openalex-snapshot
Why Do Goliaths Fall?: Performance Referents in Successful Organizations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550031openalex-snapshot
Substantive and Evaluative Media Reputations Among and Within Cognitive Strategic Groups
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.emr.1500002openalex-snapshot
Strategie risk and competitive advantage: an integrative perspective
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.emr.1500016openalex-snapshot
The millennium nexus: Strategic management at the cross‐roads
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.emr.1500018openalex-snapshot
Intra‐industry structure and performance: strategic groups and strategic blocks in the worldwide airline industry
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jmm.5050084openalex-snapshot
Marketing StrategyMaking sense of industry dynamics: Is there still value in strategic group research?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/s41291-019-00092-0openalex-snapshot
Performance feedback and firms’ R&D frequency: a comparison between state-owned and private-owned enterprises in China
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2022.2056607openalex-snapshot
Pre-start-up internationalization mindsets trigger action
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/030888399287032openalex-snapshot
Strategic groups in Taiwanese liner shipping
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09544820802043609openalex-snapshot
Exploring design innovation and performance: the roles of issue related to design strategy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09593969800000005openalex-snapshot
Alternative strategies in the Spanish large-scale retail food sector
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09652540701318906openalex-snapshot
The impact of resource‐strategy correspondence on marketing performance—financial performance tradeoffs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10438590500222691openalex-snapshot
Complementarities between organisational strategies and innovation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10599231.2017.1272992openalex-snapshot
Tie the Ties: The Significance of the Binding Networks in SMEs’ Internationalization Process
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2025.2554992openalex-snapshot
Innovation Pressure from Domestic and Foreign Competitors and Firm Export Intensity in Transition Economies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.1999.11501816openalex-snapshot
The Role of Mental Models in Control Theory:Understanding Cognitive FACTORS Influencing the Behaviors of Salespeople
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2017.1364114openalex-snapshot
A Taxonomy of SME E-Commerce Platforms Derived from a Market-Level Analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2010.541562openalex-snapshot
Development paths of risk management: approaches, methods and fields of application
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197859056.003.0252openalex-snapshot
Strategic Imitation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231423.003.0005openalex-snapshot
4 Problemistic Search and (Inter‐)Organizational Learning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muq017openalex-snapshot
A Behavioral Model of Innovative Search: Evidence from Public Hospital Services
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199846740-0171openalex-snapshot
Competitive Dynamics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1097/00004010-200210000-00002openalex-snapshot
Resource-Based and Strategic Group Influences on Hospital Performance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/00251740210422802openalex-snapshot
Competitive determinants of organizational risk‐taking attitude: the role of strategic reference points
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/00251740610656296openalex-snapshot
The impact of managerial cognitions on the structure‐conduct‐performance (SCP) paradigm
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/00251740710837988openalex-snapshot
Reference theory: strategic groups and competitive benchmarking
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/00251741311291364openalex-snapshot
The growth performance of top African American businesses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/01409170610690899openalex-snapshot
Managerial cognitions of competitive environments: a strategic group analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/02621710610655846openalex-snapshot
Strategic group theory: review, examination and application in the UK pharmaceutical industry
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/03090569910262116openalex-snapshot
Strategic groups analysis (SGA) as a tool for strategic marketing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/03684921111142223openalex-snapshot
Organisations as emergent normative personalities: part 1, the concepts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/09555341111158092openalex-snapshot
Product/customer scope
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/09555341111158137openalex-snapshot
Can Brazilian firms survive the Chinese challenge?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/09590559810201178openalex-snapshot
Competitive strategies in Southern Europe: the case of Spanish retailers
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