On the public citation graph

Nitroreduction: A Critical Metabolic Pathway for Drugs, Environmental Pollutants, and Explosives

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00175

0 signed · 229 inferred · view as graph

Inferred edges come from two machine sources: sweeps of open repository metadata (mostly SSRN and Zenodo), and a bulk OpenAlex citation snapshot. Every row below is labelled with the one it came from. Neither is a complete citation index — absence here is not evidence of absence.

Is this your work? Sign in with ORCID and put your name on the claims that are yours.

Claim with ORCID

Reference health. See whether every reference in this work resolves to a known work and none has been retracted — and get a dated CiteStamped badge you can embed.

See reference health

What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/047085720x.ch23openalex-snapshot

Reactions of Nitrosoarenes with SH Groups

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.200700061openalex-snapshot

Structural Identification of DNA Adducts Derived from 3‐Nitrobenzanthrone, a Potent Carcinogen Present in the Atmosphere

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/em.20642openalex-snapshot

The human carcinogen aristolochic acid i is activated to form DNA adducts by human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase without the contribution of acetyltransferases or sulfotransferases

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22005openalex-snapshot

Use of genetically manipulated S almonella typhimurium strains to evaluate the role of human sulfotransferases in the bioactivation of nitro‐ and aminotoluenes

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/em.2850170306openalex-snapshot

Nitro group orientation, reduction potential, and direct‐acting mutagenicity of nitro‐polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/em.2850210407openalex-snapshot

Highly sensitive umu test system for the detection of mutagenic nitroarenes in Salmonella typhimurium NM3009 having high O‐acetyltransferase and nitroreductase activities

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/em.2860030403openalex-snapshot

Evidence for the existence of a family of bacterial nitroreductases capable of activating nitrated polycyclics to mutagens

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.10505openalex-snapshot

Metabolism and DNA binding of the environmental pollutant 6‐nitrochrysene in primary culture of human breast cells and in cultured MCF‐10A, MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐435s cell lines

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20564openalex-snapshot

Human hepatic and renal microsomes, cytochromes P450 1A1/2, NADPH:Cytochrome P450 reductase and prostaglandin H synthase mediate the formation of aristolochic acid‐DNA adducts found in patients with urothelial cancer

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21480openalex-snapshot

Human sulphotransferases are involved in the activation of aristolochic acids and are expressed in renal target tissue

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25141openalex-snapshot

Detoxification of aristolochic acid I by O‐demethylation: Less nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity of aristolochic acid Ia in rodents

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.26077openalex-snapshot

TP53 Mutational signature for aristolochic acid: an environmental carcinogen

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7462openalex-snapshot

Identification of protein adduction using mass spectrometry: Protein adducts as biomarkers and predictors of toxicity mechanisms

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00316343openalex-snapshot

Analysis of hemoglobin as a dose monitor for alkylating and arylating agents

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-03059-3openalex-snapshot

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the carcinogen aristolochic acid I (AA-I) in human bladder RT4 cells

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-014-9886-3openalex-snapshot

Is herbal tea consumption a factor in endemic nephropathy?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291x(82)90697-0openalex-snapshot

Xanthine oxidase catalyzed binding of 1-nitropyrene to DNA

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(85)90005-3openalex-snapshot

1-nitrosopyrene: An intermediate in the metabolic activation of 1-nitropyrene to a mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium TA1538

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(86)90001-1openalex-snapshot

Dichotomy in the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of nitropyrenes: Apparent effect of the number of electrons involved in nitroreduction

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(88)90026-7openalex-snapshot

A review and analysis of the Chinese hamster ovary/hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase assay to determine the mutagenicity of chemical agents. A report of phase III of the U.S. environmental protection agency Gene-Tox program

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(92)90037-mopenalex-snapshot

A sensitive umu test system for the detection of mutagenic nitroarenes in Salmonella typhimurium NM1011 having a high nitroreductase activity

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(82)90141-0openalex-snapshot

Mutagenic activity of 4 active-principle forms of pharmaceutical drugs

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(88)90027-9openalex-snapshot

Relationships among direct-acting mutagenicity, nitro group orientation and polarographic reduction potential of 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene, 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene and their derivatives

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(88)90113-3openalex-snapshot

Relationships between structure of nitrated arenes and their mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium; 2- and 2,7-nitro substituted fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(90)90062-oopenalex-snapshot

Toxic interactions of the munitions compounds TNT and RDX in F344 rats*1, *2

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483x(84)90078-7openalex-snapshot

Subchronic toxicity of trinitrotoluene in Fischer 344 rats rats

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(83)90100-3openalex-snapshot

The role of intestinal microflora in the metabolic reduction of 1-nitropyrene to 1-aminopyrene in conventional and germfree rats and in humans☆

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(93)90096-ropenalex-snapshot

Formation of DNA adducts and oxidative DNA damage in rats treated with 1,6-dinitropyrene

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(94)00209-3openalex-snapshot

Reactions of oxyl radicals with DNA

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2012.03.027openalex-snapshot

A fluorescence-based analysis of aristolochic acid-derived DNA adducts

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2007.04.024openalex-snapshot

Human aldo–keto reductases: Function, gene regulation, and single nucleotide polymorphisms

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2018.10.017openalex-snapshot

Substrate selectivity of human aldehyde oxidase 1 in reduction of nitroaromatic drugs

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2016.07.015openalex-snapshot

Rational design of an AKR1C3-resistant analog of PR-104 for enzyme-prodrug therapy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.069openalex-snapshot

Nitroreductive metabolic activation of some carcinogenic nitro heterocyclic food contaminants in rat mammary tissue cellular fractions

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.11.015openalex-snapshot

Carcinogenic 3-nitrobenzanthrone induces oxidative damage to isolated and cellular DNA

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.04.006openalex-snapshot

8-Oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of tobacco-smoking-induced oxidative stress

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.021openalex-snapshot

Mechanisms of activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 by redox stressors, nutrient cues, and energy status and the pathways through which it attenuates degenerative disease

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.01.028openalex-snapshot

Quantification of a biomarker of acetaminophen protein adducts in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry: Clinical and animal model applications

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2010.10.022openalex-snapshot

Consequences of POR mutations and polymorphisms

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.08.004openalex-snapshot

DNA adduct formation and mutation induction by aristolochic acid in rat kidney and liver

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2007.03.003openalex-snapshot

The environmental carcinogen 3-nitrobenzanthrone and its main metabolite 3-aminobenzanthrone enhance formation of reactive oxygen intermediates in human A549 lung epithelial cells

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2008.01.018openalex-snapshot

The environmental pollutant and carcinogen 3-nitrobenzanthrone induces cytochrome P450 1A1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase in rat lung and kidney, thereby enhancing its own genotoxicity

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2019.03.013openalex-snapshot

Comparison of Aristolochic acid I derived DNA adduct levels in human renal toxicity models

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.04.008openalex-snapshot

Mutations induced by carcinogenic doses of aristolochic acid in kidney of Big Blue transgenic rats

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-2728(09)91008-8openalex-snapshot

The rotenone-insensitive reduction of quinones and nitrocompounds by mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(86)80036-5openalex-snapshot

Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine residues in cellular DNA exposed to the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2797(86)80076-xopenalex-snapshot

Aerobic and anaerobic reduction of nitrated pyrenes in vitro

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30761-1openalex-snapshot

Metronidazole

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0027-5107(02)00153-7openalex-snapshot

Molecular genetics and function of NAT1 and NAT2: role in aromatic amine metabolism and carcinogenesis

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(04)82019-6openalex-snapshot

Role of Nicotinamide Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in Protection against Toxicity of Electrophiles and Reactive Oxygen Intermediates

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(05)00011-xopenalex-snapshot

Screening and Characterizing Human NAT2 Variants

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7992(85)80031-2openalex-snapshot

The orientation of the nitro substituent predicts the direct-acting bacterial mutagenicity of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3835(03)00418-xopenalex-snapshot

DNA adduct formation by the environmental contaminant 3-nitrobenzanthrone in V79 cells expressing human cytochrome P450 enzymes

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00356-3openalex-snapshot

Determination of hemoglobin adducts following oral administration of 1-nitropyrene to rats using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80299-1openalex-snapshot

DNA repair: Polymerases for passing lesions

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5718(00)00015-2openalex-snapshot

Comparison of three different in vitro mutation assays used for the investigation of cytochrome P450-mediated mutagenicity of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5718(00)00138-8openalex-snapshot

Bioactivation of diesel exhaust particle extracts and their major nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon components, 1-nitropyrene and dinitropyrenes, by human cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00350-3openalex-snapshot

Mutagenicity of aristolochic acid in the lambda/lacZ transgenic mouse (Muta™Mouse)

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5718(99)00041-8openalex-snapshot

Polycyclic nitroarenes (nitro-PAHs) as biomarkers of exposure to diesel exhaust

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70280-2openalex-snapshot

Carcinogenicity of diesel-engine and gasoline-engine exhausts and some nitroarenes

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00198openalex-snapshot

In Vivo Metabolism of Aristolochic Acid I and II in Rats Is Influenced by Their Coexposure

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00337openalex-snapshot

Role of Human Aldo-Keto Reductases and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in the Metabolic Activation of 1-Nitropyrene via Nitroreduction in Human Lung Cells

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00274openalex-snapshot

Drug–Protein Adducts: Chemistry, Mechanisms of Toxicity, and Methods of Characterization

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00250openalex-snapshot

Role of Human Aldo-Keto Reductases in the Metabolic Activation of the Carcinogenic Air Pollutant 3-Nitrobenzanthrone

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00399openalex-snapshot

Induction of the Antioxidant Response by the Transcription Factor NRF2 Increases Bioactivation of the Mutagenic Air Pollutant 3-Nitrobenzanthrone in Human Lung Cells

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/bi060591ropenalex-snapshot

Multiple Steps Determine the Overall Rate of the Reduction of 5α-Dihydrotestosterone Catalyzed by Human Type 3 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase: Implications for the Elimination of Androgens

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/es961067iopenalex-snapshot

3-Nitrobenzanthrone, a Powerful Bacterial Mutagen and Suspected Human Carcinogen Found in Diesel Exhaust and Airborne Particulates

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx000002xopenalex-snapshot

Mutagenicity of Nitroaromatic Compounds

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx00044a600openalex-snapshot

Identification of Two N2-Deoxyguanosinyl DNA Adducts upon Nitroreduction of the Environmental Mutagen 1-Nitropyrene

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx010172popenalex-snapshot

DNA Adducts from Nitroreduction of 2,7-Dinitrofluorene, a Mammary Gland Carcinogen, Catalyzed by Rat Liver or Mammary Gland Cytosol

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx020019aopenalex-snapshot

Comparative Tumorigenicity of the Environmental Pollutant 6-Nitrochrysene and Its Metabolites in the Rat Mammary Gland

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx049737iopenalex-snapshot

Identification of Aldehyde Oxidase as the Neonicotinoid Nitroreductase

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx049849+openalex-snapshot

Identification of 5-(Deoxyguanosin- N 2 -yl)- 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-6-aminochrysene as the Major DNA Lesion in the Mammary Gland of Rats Treated with the Environmental Pollutant 6-Nitrochrysene

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx049889dopenalex-snapshot

Human Cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1B1 Catalyze Ring Oxidation but Not Nitroreduction of Environmental Pollutant Mononitropyrene Isomers in Primary Cultures of Human Breast Cells and Cultured MCF-10A and MCF-7 Cell Lines

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx050217copenalex-snapshot

The Role of Keap1 in Cellular Protective Responses

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx0600245openalex-snapshot

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) o-Quinones Produced by the Aldo-Keto-Reductases (AKRs) Generate Abasic Sites, Oxidized Pyrimidines, and 8-Oxo-dGuo via Reactive Oxygen Species

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx100052dopenalex-snapshot

Mechanisms of the Different DNA Adduct Forming Potentials of the Urban Air Pollutants 2-Nitrobenzanthrone and Carcinogenic 3-Nitrobenzanthrone

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx100284hopenalex-snapshot

Inefficient Nucleotide Excision Repair in Human Cell Extracts of the N-(Deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-6-aminochrysene and 5-(Deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-6-aminochrysene Adducts Derived from 6-Nitrochrysene

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx3000889openalex-snapshot

Biomonitoring of Aristolactam-DNA Adducts in Human Tissues Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx400139popenalex-snapshot

Reduction of Aromatic and Heterocyclic AromaticN-Hydroxylamines by Human Cytochrome P450 2S1

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx400296xopenalex-snapshot

Adenine-DNA Adduct Derived from the Nitroreduction of 6-Nitrochrysene Is More Resistant to Nucleotide Excision Repair than Guanine-DNA Adducts

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx800281hopenalex-snapshot

Comparison of in Vitro Bioactivation of Flutamide and Its Cyano Analogue: Evidence for Reductive Activation by Human NADPH:Cytochrome P450 Reductase

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx900264vopenalex-snapshot

Quantification of 3-Nitrobenzanthrone-DNA Adducts Using Online Column-Switching HPLC-Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx980079+openalex-snapshot

Structure, Tumorigenicity, Microsomal Metabolism, and DNA Binding of 7-Nitrodibenz[a,h]anthracene

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx980104bopenalex-snapshot

An Unusual DNA Adduct Derived from the Powerfully Mutagenic Environmental Contaminant 3-Nitrobenzanthrone

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx9801054openalex-snapshot

Mutagenic Specificity of a Derivative of 3-Nitrobenzanthrone in the supF Shuttle Vector Plasmids

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx980143nopenalex-snapshot

Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenases and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Activation: Generation of Reactive and Redox Active o-Quinones

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/tx980152wopenalex-snapshot

Nitroreduction of Nitrated and C-9 Oxidized Fluorenes in Vitro

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/35002510openalex-snapshot

Structural basis for recognition and repair of the endogenous mutagen 8-oxoguanine in DNA

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1997.11openalex-snapshot

Characterization of a polymorphism in NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (DT-diaphorase)

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2011.371openalex-snapshot

Aristolactam-DNA adducts are a biomarker of environmental exposure to aristolochic acid

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02306openalex-snapshot

Structural basis for removal of adenine mispaired with 8-oxoguanine by MutY adenine DNA glycosylase

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2017.20openalex-snapshot

Gut microbiota modulation of chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3822openalex-snapshot

Understanding nucleotide excision repair and its roles in cancer and ageing

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1943-3openalex-snapshot

The repertoire of mutational signatures in human cancer

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307301101openalex-snapshot

Protection against electrophile and oxidant stress by induction of the phase 2 response: Fate of cysteines of the Keap1 sensor modified by inducers

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308347100openalex-snapshot

Scaffolding of Keap1 to the actin cytoskeleton controls the function of Nrf2 as key regulator of cytoprotective phase 2 genes

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701248104openalex-snapshot

Aristolochic acid and the etiology of endemic (Balkan) nephropathy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.24.9788openalex-snapshot

Hemoglobin adducts of aromatic amines: associations with smoking status and type of tobacco.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.17.8278openalex-snapshot

Mechanism of C8 alkylation of guanine residues by activated arylamines: evidence for initial adduct formation at the N7 position.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m117.816785openalex-snapshot

Hexokinase 2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 transcriptionally coactivate xanthine oxidoreductase expression in stressed glioma cells

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m502551200openalex-snapshot

Differential Responses of the Nrf2-Keap1 System to Laminar and Oscillatory Shear Stresses in Endothelial Cells

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m703414200openalex-snapshot

Elucidation of a Complete Kinetic Mechanism for a Mammalian Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (HSD) and Identification of All Enzyme Forms on the Reaction Coordinate

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.009591openalex-snapshot

Differential and overlapping targets of the transcriptional regulators NRF1, NRF2, and NRF3 in human cells

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/10715762.2021.1919304openalex-snapshot

Flavoenzyme-catalyzed single-electron reduction of nitroaromatic antiandrogens: implications for their cytotoxicity

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398209530188openalex-snapshot

Short‐term oral toxicity of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene in mice, rats, and dogs

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/15287399209531672openalex-snapshot

Acute toxicity, distribution, and metabolism of 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (picric acid) in Fischer 344 rats

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/10.2.369openalex-snapshot

Comparative tumorigenicity of 6-nitrochrysene and its metabolites in newborn mice

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/11.2.213openalex-snapshot

Characterization of oxidative and reductive metabolism in vitro of nitrofluoranthenes by rat liver enzymes

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/12.1.119openalex-snapshot

Kinds of mutations found when a shuttle vector containing adducts of 1,6-dinitropyrene replicates in human cells

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/12.9.1545openalex-snapshot

Kinetics and cofactor requirements for the nitroreductive metabolism of 1-nitropyrene and 3-nitrofluoranthene by rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/13.12.2271openalex-snapshot

Comparative tumorigenicity of nitrochrysene isomers in newborn mice

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/15.1.119openalex-snapshot

In vivo binding of 1-nitropyrene to albumin in the rat

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/15.10.2331openalex-snapshot

Translesional synthesis on DNA templates containing site-specifically placed deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine adducts formed by the plant carcinogen aristolochic acid

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/20.10.2017openalex-snapshot

Potent carcinogenicity of 2,7-dinitrofluorene, an environmental pollutant, for the mammary gland of female Sprague–Dawley rats

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/23.11.1937openalex-snapshot

Metabolic activation of the environmental contaminant 3-nitrobenzanthrone by human acetyltransferases and sulfotransferase

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/5.10.1371openalex-snapshot

Identification of ring oxidized metabolites of 1-nitropyrene in the feces and urine of germfree F344 rats

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/6.10.1403openalex-snapshot

Mutagenicity of nitrofluoranthenes, 3-aminofluoranthene and 1-nitropyrene in Chinese hamster V79 cells

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/8.11.1703openalex-snapshot

Identification of C8-modified deoxyinosine and N2-and C8-modified deoxyguanosine as major products of the in vitro reaction of N-hydroxy-6-aminochrysene with DNA and the formation of these adducts in isolated rat hepatocytes treated with 6-nitrochrysene and 6-aminochrysene

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgh040openalex-snapshot

Mammary carcinogenesis and molecular analysis of in vivo cII gene mutations in the mammary tissue of female transgenic rats treated with the environmental pollutant 6-nitrochrysene

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgi141openalex-snapshot

DNA adduct and tumor formations in rats after intratracheal administration of the urban air pollutant 3-nitrobenzanthrone

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgm142openalex-snapshot

Comparative mutational profiles of the environmental mammary carcinogen, 6-nitrochrysene and its metabolites in a lacI mammary epithelial cell line

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgu095openalex-snapshot

Bioactivation of the human carcinogen aristolochic acid

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgu101openalex-snapshot

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue as a source for quantitation of carcinogen DNA adducts: aristolochic acid as a prototype carcinogen

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgw045openalex-snapshot

Sulfotransferase-1A1-dependent bioactivation of aristolochic acid I andN-hydroxyaristolactam I in human cells

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/5.3.275openalex-snapshot

1,8-Dinitropyrene: comparative mutagenicity in Chinese hamster V79 and CHO cells

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/gel045openalex-snapshot

Mutagenic activities and physicochemical properties of selected nitrobenzanthrones

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfm103openalex-snapshot

Mutagenicity and DNA Adduct Formation by the Urban Air Pollutant 2-Nitrobenzanthrone

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00107.xopenalex-snapshot

Reduction of polynitroaromatic compounds: the bacterial nitroreductases

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.16.7130-7139.2004openalex-snapshot

Oxidative Stress Sensor Keap1 Functions as an Adaptor for Cul3-Based E3 Ligase To Regulate Proteasomal Degradation of Nrf2

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.8.3364openalex-snapshot

Kinds and Spectrum of Mutations Induced by 1-Nitrosopyrene Adducts During Plasmid Replication in Human Cells

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3237openalex-snapshot

The Bioreductive Prodrug PR-104A Is Activated under Aerobic Conditions by Human Aldo-Keto Reductase 1C3

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-12-618900openalex-snapshot

AKR1C3 is a biomarker of sensitivity to PR-104 in preclinical models of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.47.261openalex-snapshot

The Effects of 1‐Nitropyrene on Oxidative DNA Damage and Expression of DNA Repair Enzymes

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150610271openalex-snapshot

Mechanisms of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reduction of Two Carcinogenic Nitro-Aromatics, 3-Nitrobenzanthrone and Aristolochic Acid I: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17020213openalex-snapshot

Active Site Mutations as a Suitable Tool Contributing to Explain a Mechanism of Aristolochic Acid I Nitroreduction by Cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2 and 1B1

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910479openalex-snapshot

Co-Exposure to Aristolochic Acids I and II Increases DNA Adduct Formation Responsible for Aristolochic Acid I-Mediated Carcinogenicity in Rats

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15020187openalex-snapshot

Nitroaromatic Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs for Cancer Therapy

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.11.42openalex-snapshot

Nicotine Exposure and Metabolizer Phenotypes from Analysis of Urinary Nicotine and its 15 Metabolites by LC–MS

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5487/tr.2017.33.4.265openalex-snapshot

Error-Prone and Error-Free Translesion DNA Synthesis over Site-Specifically Created DNA Adducts of Aryl Hydrocarbons (3-Nitrobenzanthrone and 4-Aminobiphenyl)

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4485589openalex-extracted

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e123794zenodo-depositor-declared

Investigating the anti-carcinogenic potential action of 1,2,3 triazole core compounds: impact of introducing an aldehyde or Nitro group, integrating cell line studies, and in silico ADME and protein target prediction

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202300938openalex-snapshot

CpxA/R‐Controlled Nitroreductase Expression as Target for Combinatorial Therapy against Uropathogens by Promoting Reactive Oxygen Species Generation

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.202401536openalex-snapshot

Bio‐MOF‐11 Derived Amorphous Cobalt Hollow Nanospheres to Access Bioactive Quinazolinone Scaffolds and Aromatic Amines

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202300486openalex-snapshot

Revisiting the Electrochemical Reduction Mechanism of Nitrosobenzene in Acetonitrile. Concomitant Reactions and Voltammetric Simulation

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202500065openalex-snapshot

One‐Step Mechanochemical Synthesis of Bulk‐Sized Electroactive MoS 2 /Oxalic Acid Dihydrate Composite for Catalytic Nitrophenol Reductions

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/dta.70095openalex-snapshot

Investigation of the In Vitro and In Vivo Metabolism and μ‐Opioid Receptor Affinity of the Nitazene N ‐Pyrrolidino Fluetonitazene

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/nano.70074openalex-snapshot

Engineering Pd Nanostructures on Hierarchical Flower‐Like Alumina Nanosheets for the Efficient Catalytic Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71117openalex-snapshot

2‐Amino‐ 3 H ‐phenoxazin‐3‐one is a lead inhibitor of Cuscuta campestris early development: structure–activity relationships of o ‐aminophenol‐derived allelochemicals

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67527-0_15openalex-snapshot

Advanced Polymeric Nanomaterials for Biomedical Application

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-026-03566-xopenalex-snapshot

Discovery of a Potent Small Molecule Antagonist of GRPR for the Treatment of Pruritus

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-025-04087-zopenalex-snapshot

Whether aristolochic acid directly drives hepatocarcinogenesis: comprehensive investigations from mutational signatures to animal models

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-026-11482-wopenalex-snapshot

ChronicDPipredictor: an interpretable deep learning framework for chemical chronic and subchronic toxicity assessment

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-026-09181-1openalex-snapshot

Understanding the Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and Mechanisms of Microbial Biodegradation: A Review

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-95488-4.00122-4openalex-snapshot

Nephrotoxicity of Natural Products: Aristolochic Acid and Fungal Toxins

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-99133-9.00003-6openalex-snapshot

Metabolic transformations catalyzed by gut microbiota

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-13774-7.00001-3openalex-snapshot

Gastrointestinal tract environment and its implications on oral drug delivery

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2026.345618openalex-snapshot

A highly sensitive and simultaneous bifunctional fluorescent probe for detecting mitochondrial viscosity and nitroreductase activity in vivo

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.108092openalex-snapshot

Additive larvicidal activity of albendazole combined with a hydroxyethylamine-derived compound against Toxocara canis larvae: An in vitro and in silico study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcmd.2024.102827openalex-snapshot

Investigation of the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antioxidant prospects of JM-20 on human blood cells: A multi-target compound with potential therapeutic applications

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.109123openalex-snapshot

Targeting nitroreductases for selective drug activation: therapeutic perspectives in neglected diseases and tuberculosis

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.110172openalex-snapshot

Hydride-Meisenheimer metabolism in mammals - scope of an overlooked biotransformation pathway

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141795openalex-snapshot

Nitro-PAHs: Occurrences, ecological consequences, and remediation strategies for environmental restoration

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144931openalex-snapshot

Covalently bound Eosin Y on chitosan as a removable photosensitizer for ranitidine degradation

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.dmd.2025.100142openalex-snapshot

Metabolic activation of flunitrazepam via nitroreduction mediated by aldo-keto reductase 1C3

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120385openalex-snapshot

Genotoxic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives released from recycled asphalt aggregates in BEAS-2B cells and Hydra vulgaris

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.124820openalex-snapshot

Eco-restorative plant-microbe-biostimulant system for nitro-PAHs detoxification: a one health approach to urban soil carbon recovery

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2023.105727openalex-snapshot

Biodegradation properties and mechanism of triketone herbicide mesotrione via newly isolated bacterium Klebsiella pasteurii CM-1

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141700openalex-snapshot

Impact of tyrosine amination on the aggregation and neurotoxicity of amyloid-β

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2026.124027openalex-snapshot

Progressing reagent-driven advanced oxidation processes for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment: Challenges, opportunities, and environmental relevance

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2023.122943openalex-snapshot

Nitro reduction involving PEG200(4)@C@MoSe2@MWCNT driven by UV light

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123509openalex-snapshot

The recent advances of copper(II)-β-cyclodextrin complex as a practical catalyst system for various organic conversions: A review

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115607openalex-snapshot

Electrochemistry/mass spectrometry (EC/MS) for fast generation and identification of novel reactive metabolites of two unsymmetrical bisacridines with anticancer activity

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.109002openalex-snapshot

Tailored electrochemical sensing of phenolic pollutant via dysprosium molybdate-infused multi-walled carbon nanotubes for superior detection performance

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.microb.2025.100263openalex-snapshot

Biodegradation of nitro-PAHs by multi-trait PGPR strains isolated directly from rhizosphere soil

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2026.119488openalex-snapshot

Fluorescent and Electrochemical Sensing of 4-Nitroaniline in aqueous medium by Nickel (II) and Cobalt (II) based probes

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106636openalex-snapshot

Neonicotinoids and human health: Environmental fate, toxicity mechanisms, and future directions

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.130126openalex-snapshot

A sustainable bio-based benzoxazine porous organic polymer derived vanillin for synergistic catalysis: Green synthesis of Pd nanoparticles and enhanced nitro reduction

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105602openalex-snapshot

Microfluidic dithionate reduction: A step forward in effective green chemistry

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168769openalex-snapshot

Recent developments and prospects of sustainable remediation treatments for major contaminants in soil: A review

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177836openalex-snapshot

Biotic and abiotic removal of acetaminophen during sidestream partial nitritation processes: Underlying mechanisms and transformation pathways

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124576openalex-snapshot

Polymyxin-based fluorescent probes to combat Gram-negative antimicrobial resistance

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105710openalex-snapshot

Differential DNA damage response and cell fate in human lung cells after exposure to genotoxic compounds

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2025.118396openalex-snapshot

Recent advancements in parallel and tandem reaction-based fluorogenic probes for tracing enzymatic activities

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6c02835openalex-snapshot

One Stone Two Birds: Novel Fluorescent Probe Chemistry That Detects Redox Stress in Cell Culture

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00803openalex-snapshot

The Reductive Power of Flavin Mononucleotide Does Not Dictate the Product Profile of the Nitroreductase, NfsA

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.4c00544openalex-snapshot

First Crystallographic Evidence of Polarity-Assisted Pseudohalides Controllable Heteroaldazine-Based Coordination Polymers: A New Tributary in Low Level Recognition of Explosive from Real-Day Matrices

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00271openalex-snapshot

Role of Human Aldo–Keto Reductases in the Nitroreduction of 1-Nitropyrene and 1,8-Dinitropyrene

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00293openalex-snapshot

Dedication of 35-year Chemical Research in Toxicology Anniversary to Founding Editor Larry Marnett

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00337openalex-snapshot

Role of Human Aldo-Keto Reductases and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in the Metabolic Activation of 1-Nitropyrene via Nitroreduction in Human Lung Cells

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5c00101openalex-snapshot

Role of Human Aldo-Keto Reductases and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in the Metabolic Activation of 1,8-Dinitropyrene and Its Metabolite 1-Amino-8-nitropyrene via Nitroreduction in Human Lung Cells

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c03170openalex-snapshot

A Systematic Review of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Occurrences, Levels, Biotransformation, Exposure Biomarkers, and Toxicity

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c07390openalex-snapshot

Comprehensive Characterization of Oxidative Stress-Modulating Chemicals Using GPT-Based Text Mining

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00320openalex-snapshot

A Multifunctional CaII–EuIII Heterometallic Organic Framework with Sensing and Selective Adsorption in Water

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c11664openalex-snapshot

Characterization and Catalytic Mechanism of Nitroreductases from the Novel Mesotrione-Degrading Klebsiella variicola L6

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6c02411openalex-snapshot

Self-Templated HPEI Nanoreactors: Cross-Linking-Directed In Situ Growth of Gold Nanoparticles in Reusable Polymer–Metal Catalytic Films

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.6c00201openalex-snapshot

Synthesis and Evaluation of Nitroheterocyclic Aromatic Adamantanohydrazones with Trypanocidal Activity. Part III

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c02989openalex-snapshot

Radical Formation by Direct Single Electron Transfer between Nitrobenzene and Anionic Organo Bases

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c07555openalex-snapshot

Rapid HPLC-Based ADME Profiling of Novel Donepezil and Rivastigmine Analogues for Potential Application in Alzheimer’s Disease

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00110openalex-snapshot

Mechanistic Insights of a p53-Targeting Small Molecule

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c03481openalex-snapshot

Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics into Arylamines on a Pseudocrystalline MoSx Cathode in an Alkaline Electrolyte

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c01028openalex-snapshot

Protein Tyrosine Amination: Detection, Imaging, and Chemoproteomic Profiling with Synthetic Probes

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1039/d4md00343hopenalex-snapshot

Replacement of nitro function by free boronic acid in non-steroidal anti-androgens

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1039/d4ra00127copenalex-snapshot

Real-time fluorescent monitoring of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs00605hopenalex-snapshot

Open-chain and cyclic nitrenium ions: generation, characterization, structure and (bio)chemical reactivity

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1039/d5cy01380aopenalex-snapshot

CO 2 -mediated direct N -formylation of nitro compounds by a metal–organic framework node-supported cobalt( ii ) catalyst

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1039/d6ob00238bopenalex-snapshot

Efficient one-step synthesis of 3-nitroflavones via cascade nitration-cyclization

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra03592bopenalex-snapshot

Photoinduced reduction of nitro(hetero)arenes with earth-abundant FeCl 3 promoter

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1055/a-2097-0531openalex-snapshot

Genetic and Epigenetic Basis of Drug-Induced Liver Injury

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1055/a-2322-0816openalex-snapshot

Electrochemical Nitro Reduction to Amines Using Pinacolborane as Reducing Agent

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/03602532.2026.2705851openalex-snapshot

Bioactivation and reactivity research advances – 2025 year in review

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/17568919.2025.2539674openalex-snapshot

Evaluation of novel nitrophenol-triazole hybrid molecules: biological screening and computational profiling

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.03.636334openalex-snapshot

Identification of Antituberculars with Favorable Potency and Pharmacokinetics through Structure-Based and Ligand-Based Modeling

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7befopenalex-snapshot

The Electrochemistry of Nitro Compounds from a Bibliometric Approach

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ade1fcopenalex-snapshot

Conversion of 1-alkylated 5(6)-nitro-1H-benzimidazoles into Radical Anions and Characterization of Their Bioreductive Potential

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c24-00486openalex-snapshot

Development of a Fluorescence Probe for Detecting Nitroreductase Activity Based on Steric Repulsion-Induced Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (sr-TICT)

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.14293/pr2199.004306.v1openalex-snapshot

Analysis of the antibiotic activity of a novel spontaneously-biotransformed, phosphorylated, biogenic metal salt-containing hetero-exopolysaccharide produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S16, isolated from soil from a Nigerian livestock farm, against antibiotic-resistant, representative…

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2024.021openalex-snapshot

High frequency of point mutations in the nitroreductase 4 and 6 genes of Trichomonas vaginalis associated with metronidazole resistance

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.17816/fm10727openalex-snapshot

Trinitroaromatic explosives: Modern application, toxicological characterization, and methods of determination

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3752850/v1openalex-snapshot

The nature of tyrosine-aminated amyloid-β

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4954663openalex-snapshot

Impact of Tyrosine Amination on the Aggregation and Neurotoxicity of Amyloid-Β: Unveiling a Potential Defensive Mechanism in Alzheimer's Disease

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7316960openalex-snapshot

A Novel Ternary rGO/BiVO4/CuFe2O4 Nanocomposite via One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis for the Photocatalytic Transformation of Nitroaromatic Substrates into their Corresponding Arylamines

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-l1k7mopenalex-snapshot

Catalyst-Free Direct Olefin Halo-Hydroxylamination: Rapid Syn-thesis of Multifunctional Hydroxylamines (MFHAs) for Structurally Complex Amines and N-Heterocycles

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/catal16030228openalex-snapshot

Rational Design and Advancement of Metal-Free Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Organic Transformation

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31152646openalex-snapshot

Biological Profile of Ferulic Acid-Based Thiazolidin-4-One Derivatives: Toxicity, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14090812openalex-snapshot

From Blast to Biological Uptake: Residual Dinitrotoluene as an Occupational Exposure Hazard in Explosive Ordnance Disposal

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-2165-3.ch002openalex-snapshot

Omics Integration in Understanding Xenobiotic Metabolism

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_242_25openalex-snapshot

Forensic Implications of the Gut Microbiome Shaped by Environmental Toxicants

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.15.725488openalex-snapshot

Bidirectional interactions between gut microbiota and fluorochemical biotransformation and bioactivity

Editorial review for independent work. ICSAC — the Institute for Complexity Science and Advanced Computing — runs a structured editorial panel for researchers publishing outside journals, and publishes on CiteStamp rails. Submission is free and goes through ORCID: icsacinstitute.org/submit.