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Why are education, socioeconomic position and intelligence genetically correlated?

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3466openalex-snapshot

Testing the validity of value‐added measures of educational progress with genetic data

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/gepi.22138openalex-snapshot

Bias in Mendelian randomization due to assortative mating

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01065686openalex-snapshot

Assortative mating, or who marries whom?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01066007openalex-snapshot

Social inequality and assortative mating: Cause or consequence?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.011openalex-snapshot

GCTA: A Tool for Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.010openalex-snapshot

Improved Heritability Estimation from Genome-wide SNPs

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.021openalex-snapshot

Estimation of Genetic Correlation via Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression and Genomic Restricted Maximum Likelihood

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.09.009openalex-snapshot

Genome Analyses of >200,000 Individuals Identify 58 Loci for Chronic Inflammation and Highlight Pathways that Link Inflammation and Complex Disorders

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.04.029openalex-snapshot

Introduction of cytochrome b mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a method that allows selection for both functional and non-functional cytochrome b proteins

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.049openalex-snapshot

Correlation between Genetic and Geographic Structure in Europe

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2004.06.005openalex-snapshot

Processing speed, intelligence, creativity, and school performance: Testing of causal hypotheses using structural equation models

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2006.02.001openalex-snapshot

Intelligence and educational achievement

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2006.09.004openalex-snapshot

Intelligence and socioeconomic success: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal research

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.11.002openalex-snapshot

Genetic influence on family socioeconomic status and children's intelligence

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2014.02.006openalex-snapshot

Molecular genetic contributions to socioeconomic status and intelligence

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2014.10.002openalex-snapshot

Socioeconomic status and the growth of intelligence from infancy through adolescence

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7757(00)00018-2openalex-snapshot

Genetic and environmental contributions to educational attainment in Australia

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031653openalex-snapshot

Long-term stability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2011.124openalex-snapshot

A brief note on the resemblance between relatives in the presence of population stratification

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.2openalex-snapshot

Genetic link between family socioeconomic status and children’s educational achievement estimated from genome-wide SNPs

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.107openalex-snapshot

Predicting educational achievement from DNA

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2017.203openalex-snapshot

Erratum: Predicting educational achievement from DNA

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07331openalex-snapshot

Genes mirror geography within Europe

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14230openalex-snapshot

The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17671openalex-snapshot

Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3211openalex-snapshot

LD Score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3406openalex-snapshot

An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg3377openalex-snapshot

The heritability of human disease: estimation, uses and abuses

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08219-1openalex-snapshot

Apparent latent structure within the UK Biobank sample has implications for epidemiological analysis

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17117-4openalex-snapshot

Avoiding dynastic, assortative mating, and population stratification biases in Mendelian randomization through within-family analyses

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-018-0030-0openalex-snapshot

The stability of educational achievement across school years is largely explained by genetic factors

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-016-0016openalex-snapshot

Genetic evidence of assortative mating in humans

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0476-3openalex-snapshot

Imprint of assortative mating on the human genome

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0108-xopenalex-snapshot

Comparison of methods that use whole genome data to estimate the heritability and genetic architecture of complex traits

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0147-3openalex-snapshot

Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0178-9openalex-snapshot

Relatedness disequilibrium regression estimates heritability without environmental bias

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-021-00997-7openalex-snapshot

Assessing the contribution of rare variants to complex trait heritability from whole-genome sequence data

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16509openalex-snapshot

The role of common genetic variation in educational attainment and income: evidence from the National Child Development Study

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.xopenalex-snapshot

Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of IQ in Young Children

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1408777111openalex-snapshot

The high heritability of educational achievement reflects many genetically influenced traits, not just intelligence

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510497113openalex-snapshot

Linear mixed model for heritability estimation that explicitly addresses environmental variation

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520109113openalex-snapshot

Limitations of GCTA as a solution to the missing heritability problem

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801238115openalex-snapshot

Genetic analysis of social-class mobility in five longitudinal studies

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498022000013599openalex-snapshot

Equality and Opportunity in Education: Evidence from the 1958 and 1970 birth cohort studies

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2016.1138502openalex-snapshot

How well can we predict educational outcomes? Examining the roles of cognitive ability and social position in educational attainment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu848openalex-snapshot

PRSice: Polygenic Risk Score software

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldm001openalex-snapshot

Measuring socioeconomic position in health research

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddq551openalex-snapshot

Genome-wide association study for C-reactive protein levels identified pleiotropic associations in the IL6 locus

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddy163openalex-snapshot

Evaluating the potential role of pleiotropy in Mendelian randomization studies

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys064openalex-snapshot

Cohort Profile: The ‘Children of the 90s’—the index offspring of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys066openalex-snapshot

Cohort Profile: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: ALSPAC mothers cohort

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sot076openalex-snapshot

Variation in the Heritability of Educational Attainment: An International Meta-Analysis

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1101/018150openalex-snapshot

Fulfilling the promise of Mendelian randomization

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1101/021386openalex-snapshot

Mendelian randomization: a premature burial?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.00167openalex-snapshot

Class, stratification and inequalities in health: a comparison of the Registrar‐General’s Social Classes and the Cambridge Scale

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0335.t01-1-00272openalex-snapshot

Inequality in the Early Cognitive Development of British Children in the 1970 Cohort

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00600.xopenalex-snapshot

Socioeconomic gradients predict individual differences in neurocognitive abilities

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00752.xopenalex-snapshot

Economic Deprivation and Early Childhood Development

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12171openalex-snapshot

Genetic and environmental influences on adolescent attachment

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan6877openalex-snapshot

The nature of nurture: Effects of parental genotypes

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.18.1.341openalex-snapshot

Measuring Social Class in US Public Health Research: Concepts, Methodologies, and Guidelines

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0094306118792214aopenalex-snapshot

The Arrival of Social Science Genomics

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610392926openalex-snapshot

Emergence of a Gene × Socioeconomic Status Interaction on Infant Mental Ability Between 10 Months and 2 Years

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1403openalex-snapshot

Air Pollution and Neuropsychological Development: A Review of the Latest Evidence

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828053828635openalex-snapshot

Why the Apple Doesn’t Fall Far: Understanding Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1348/014466507x258859openalex-snapshot

An index‐based short form of the WAIS‐III with accompanying analysis of reliability and abnormality of differences

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1348/014466509x455470openalex-snapshot

An index‐based short‐form of the WISC‐IV with accompanying analysis of the reliability and abnormality of differences

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2006.0135openalex-snapshot

Achievement and Ascription in Educational Attainment: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Adolescent Schooling

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003451openalex-snapshot

The Genetic Correlation between Height and IQ: Shared Genes or Assortative Mating?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080341openalex-snapshot

Strong Genetic Influence on a UK Nationwide Test of Educational Achievement at the End of Compulsory Education at Age 16

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118935openalex-snapshot

Educational Attainment Influences Levels of Homozygosity through Migration and Assortative Mating

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1375/136905202762342017openalex-snapshot

Heritability of Educational Achievement in 12-year-olds and the Overlap with Cognitive Ability

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400835492openalex-snapshot

Unequal Chances

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.15195/v2.a6openalex-snapshot

Is the Effect of Parental Education on Offspring Biased or Moderated by Genotype?

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1682.1775openalex-snapshot

The Inheritance of Educational Inequality: International Comparisons and Fifty-Year Trends

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2095670openalex-snapshot

Five Decades of Educational Assortative Mating

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2529912openalex-snapshot

Introduction to Quantitative Genetics.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-6612openalex-snapshot

Unequal chances: family background and economic success

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2430openalex-snapshot

Genetic effects on educational attainment in Hungary

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/jor.25656openalex-snapshot

Causal effects of body mass index, education, and lifestyle behaviors on intervertebral disc disorders: Mendelian randomization study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-020-00233-6openalex-snapshot

The Use of Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Studies to Increase Our Understanding of Relationships between Complex Traits

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819262-7.00003-9openalex-snapshot

An overview of developmental behavioral genetics

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.033openalex-snapshot

Screening Human Embryos for Polygenic Traits Has Limited Utility

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101088openalex-snapshot

Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal impact of body mass index and waist-hip ratio on rates of hospital admission

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105313openalex-snapshot

Genetic architecture of ADHD and overlap with other psychiatric disorders and cognition-related phenotypes

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-00980-yopenalex-snapshot

Multivariate genome-wide analysis of education, socioeconomic status and brain phenome

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01053-4openalex-snapshot

Genetic correlates of socio-economic status influence the pattern of shared heritability across mental health traits

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2024.2442788openalex-snapshot

Alcohol consumption and allergic diseases: Mendelian randomization evidence from China

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz946openalex-snapshot

Genetics of educational attainment and coronary risk in Mendelian randomization studies

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.09.20017079openalex-snapshot

Dissecting the genetic overlap of education, socioeconomic status, and mental health

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a040493openalex-snapshot

Causal Inference Methods to Integrate Omics and Complex Traits

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-051820-123945openalex-snapshot

Polygenic Scores in Developmental Psychology: Invite Genetics In, Leave Biodeterminism Behind

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02233-3openalex-snapshot

Investigating the effect of sexual behaviour on oropharyngeal cancer risk: a methodological assessment of Mendelian randomization

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7554/elife.49962openalex-snapshot

Can education be personalised using pupils’ genetic data?

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