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Drawing and Recognizing Chinese Characters with Recurrent Neural Network

https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2695539

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Generative Adversarial Nets

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Improving discrimination ability of convolutional neural networks by hybrid learning

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Pseudo two-dimensional shape normalization methods for handwritten Chinese character recognition

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Online and offline handwritten Chinese character recognition: Benchmarking on new databases

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2016.04.007openalex-snapshot

DropSample : A new training method to enhance deep convolutional neural networks for large-scale unconstrained handwritten Chinese character recognition

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2016.08.005openalex-snapshot

Online and offline handwritten Chinese character recognition: A comprehensive study and new benchmark

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/323533a0openalex-snapshot

Learning representations by back-propagating errors

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Deep learning

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Online and off-line handwriting recognition: a comprehensive survey

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/34.877517openalex-snapshot

Recovery of drawing order from single-stroke handwriting images

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Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition

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Learning long-term dependencies with gradient descent is difficult

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Bidirectional recurrent neural networks

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/acpr.2015.7486592openalex-snapshot

Beyond human recognition: A CNN-based framework for handwritten character recognition

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ccpr.2010.5659229openalex-snapshot

Chinese Handwriting Recognition Contest 2010

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2011.17openalex-snapshot

CASIA Online and Offline Chinese Handwriting Databases

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2011.291openalex-snapshot

ICDAR 2011 Chinese Handwriting Recognition Competition

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2013.218openalex-snapshot

ICDAR 2013 Chinese Handwriting Recognition Competition

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333746openalex-snapshot

Segmentation-free handwritten Chinese text recognition with LSTM-RNN

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333821openalex-snapshot

Chinese character-level writer identification using path signature feature, DropStroke and deep CNN

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333881openalex-snapshot

High performance offline handwritten Chinese character recognition using GoogLeNet and directional feature maps

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icfhr.2014.56openalex-snapshot

Handwritten Character Recognition by Alternately Trained Relaxation Convolutional Neural Network

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2015.7280516openalex-snapshot

Multi-Column Deep Neural Networks for offline handwritten Chinese character classification

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DeepWriterID: An End-to-End Online Text-Independent Writer Identification System

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Automatic recognition of handprinted characters—The state of the art

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Describing Multimedia Content Using Attention-Based Encoder-Decoder Networks

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2004.1262182openalex-snapshot

Online recognition of chinese characters: the state-of-the-art

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2006.216openalex-snapshot

A Framework Toward Restoration of Writing Order from Single-Stroked Handwriting Image

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2008.137openalex-snapshot

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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2011.264openalex-snapshot

Handwritten Chinese Text Recognition by Integrating Multiple Contexts

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2013.49openalex-snapshot

Handwritten Chinese/Japanese Text Recognition Using Semi-Markov Conditional Random Fields

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Reducing the Dimensionality of Data with Neural Networks

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Connectionist temporal classification

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Learning to Forget: Continual Prediction with LSTM

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Long Short-Term Memory

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Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder–Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3156/jsoft.29.5_177_2openalex-snapshot

GAN（Generative Adversarial Nets）

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.fun.2016.3openalex-snapshot

Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4230/oasics.dx.2026.15openalex-snapshot

AutoResearch Lite: a reproducible paper-inspired experiment runner (Adam mechanism reproduction and convergence-speed comparison)

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Theano: new features and speed improvements

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1308.0371openalex-snapshot

Sparse arrays of signatures for online character recognition

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1312.6114openalex-snapshot

Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1412.3555openalex-snapshot

Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1412.6980openalex-snapshot

Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1502.03044openalex-snapshot

Show, Attend and Tell: Neural Image Caption Generation with Visual Attention

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1505.04922openalex-snapshot

Character-level Chinese Writer Identification using Path Signature Feature, DropStroke and Deep CNN

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1506.05751openalex-snapshot

Deep Generative Image Models using a Laplacian Pyramid of Adversarial Networks

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Dropout as data augmentation

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1511.06434openalex-snapshot

Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1602.03220openalex-snapshot

Discriminative Regularization for Generative Models

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A review of state-of-the-art techniques for abnormal human activity recognition

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2021.104455openalex-snapshot

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Load demand forecasting of residential buildings using a deep learning model

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2018.12.033openalex-snapshot

Iterated feature selection algorithms with layered recurrent neural network for software fault prediction

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114405openalex-snapshot

Sequence-based dynamic handwriting analysis for Parkinson’s disease detection with one-dimensional convolutions and BiGRUs

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121074openalex-snapshot

Effective PM2.5 concentration forecasting based on multiple spatial–temporal GNN for areas without monitoring stations

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122154openalex-snapshot

Gaussian dynamic recurrent unit for emitter classification

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122405openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2025.127105openalex-snapshot

Deep learning for Chinese font generation: A survey

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EHW-Font: A handwriting enhancement approach mimicking human writing processes

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A new perspective: Recognizing online handwritten Chinese characters via 1-dimensional CNN

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2022.03.013openalex-snapshot

A soft sensor model based on long&short-term memory dual pathways convolutional gated recurrent unit network for predicting cement specific surface area

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117993openalex-snapshot

Artificial Neural Networks to assess energy and environmental performance of buildings: An Italian case study

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128024openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2023.09.005openalex-snapshot

Style-independent radical sequence learning for zero-shot recognition of Small Seal script

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FMDBN: A first-order Markov dynamic Bayesian network classifier with continuous attributes

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Online handwritten Gurmukhi word recognition using fine-tuned Deep Convolutional Neural Network on offline features

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.04.088openalex-snapshot

A novel background subtraction algorithm based on parallel vision and Bayesian GANs

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.06.022openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.10.029openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2024.127481openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2025.129969openalex-snapshot

One-shot handwriting imitation via self-supervised cross spatial transformer networks

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2020.01.030openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2017.06.032openalex-snapshot

Building fast and compact convolutional neural networks for offline handwritten Chinese character recognition

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2019.04.015openalex-snapshot

Recognizing online handwritten Chinese characters using RNNs with new computing architectures

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2019.107080openalex-snapshot

Deep imitator: Handwriting calligraphy imitation via deep attention networks

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2020.107305openalex-snapshot

Radical analysis network for learning hierarchies of Chinese characters

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2021.108416openalex-snapshot

Query Pixel Guided Stroke Extraction with Model-Based Matching for Offline Handwritten Chinese Characters

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2022.108859openalex-snapshot

Cross-modal prototype learning for zero-shot handwritten character recognition

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Characters as graphs: Interpretable handwritten Chinese character recognition via Pyramid Graph Transformer

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2023.109538openalex-snapshot

Joint optimization for attention-based generation and recognition of chinese characters using tree position embedding

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2023.109593openalex-snapshot

FontTransformer: Few-shot high-resolution Chinese glyph image synthesis via stacked transformers

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2023.110208openalex-snapshot

SideNet: Learning representations from interactive side information for zero-shot Chinese character recognition

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2024.110949openalex-snapshot

FINet: Handwriting trajectory reconstruction of Chinese characters based on the font imitate network

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2025.112307openalex-snapshot

DiffChar: A fast conditional diffusion model for air-writing Chinese character generation

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2017.02.011openalex-snapshot

Toward high-performance online HCCR: A CNN approach with DropDistortion , path signature and spatial stochastic max-pooling

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2018.02.006openalex-snapshot

Robust offline handwritten character recognition through exploring writer-independent features under the guidance of printed data

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2019.10.001openalex-snapshot

A new hybrid-parameter recurrent neural network for online handwritten chinese character recognition

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2021.01.016openalex-snapshot

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Recurrent-neural-network-based unscented Kalman filter for estimating and compensating the random drift of MEMS gyroscopes in real time

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06412openalex-snapshot

Adapted Receptive Field Temporal Convolutional Networks with Bar-Shaped Structures Tailored to Industrial Process Operation Models

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s40494-025-01929-yopenalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07571-zopenalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2019.0009openalex-snapshot

Learning one‐to‐many stylised Chinese character transformation and generation by generative adversarial networks

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1049/joe.2019.1176openalex-snapshot

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CalliRehab: Supporting Motor-Cognitive Recovery in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Through AR-Enhanced Multisensory Calligraphy Therapy

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2026.2654186openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1544/1/012163openalex-snapshot

Research on Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Character Recognition Method Based on Feature Fusion

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ada7c3openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/k-12-2021-1289openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2873942openalex-snapshot

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Domain-Specific Chinese Word Segmentation Based on Bi-Directional Long-Short Term Memory Model

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930799openalex-snapshot

Recognition of Handwritten Chinese Characters Based on Concept Learning

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The Study on the Text Classification for Financial News Based on Partial Information

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Semi-Online Computational Offloading by Dueling Deep-Q Network for User Behavior Prediction

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A Hybrid Character Recognition Approach Using Fuzzy Logic and Stroke Bayesian Program Learning With Naïve Bayes in Industrial Environments

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3020621openalex-snapshot

Extraction Algorithm of English Text Information From Color Images Based on Radial Wavelet Transform

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3123726openalex-snapshot

Real-Time Pashto Handwritten Character Recognition Using Salient Geometric and Spectral Features

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3206832openalex-snapshot

Chinese Character Components Segmentation Method Based on Faster RCNN

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3248508openalex-snapshot

TILPDeep: A Lightweight Deep Learning Technique for Handwritten Transformed Invariant Pashto Text Recognition

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Efficient Assamese Word Recognition for Societal Empowerment: A Comparative Feature-Based Analysis

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3409425openalex-snapshot

Unsupervised Log Sequence Segmentation

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/acpr.2017.73openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/aeet66561.2025.11307033openalex-snapshot

Fault Detection Method for Uhv Dc Transmission System Relay Protection Based on Lstm-Rnn

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/aisp57993.2023.10134921openalex-snapshot

Unconditional Generation of Scalable Chinese Characters as Bézier Curve Sequences

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/ascc.2017.8287531openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/ccai50917.2021.9447467openalex-snapshot

Tai Le Character Recognition Using Deep Convolution Neural Networks

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2018.00090openalex-snapshot

Learning to Sketch with Shortcut Cycle Consistency

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00679openalex-snapshot

Sketch-BERT: Learning Sketch Bidirectional Encoder Representation From Transformers by Self-Supervised Learning of Sketch Gestalt

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.00579openalex-snapshot

Disentangling Writer and Character Styles for Handwriting Generation

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/dsn-w54100.2022.00029openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/gcce.2018.8574877openalex-snapshot

Throughput Prediction Using Recurrent Neural Network Model

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icaci.2019.8778533openalex-snapshot

Drawing Order Recovery based on deep learning

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icaibd57115.2023.10206084openalex-snapshot

BERT-BiLSTM-CRF Based Named Entity Recognition Method for Controlled Speech

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8683361openalex-snapshot

Drawing Order Recovery for Handwriting Chinese Characters

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9413542openalex-snapshot

Drawing Order Recovery from Trajectory Components

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053498openalex-snapshot

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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10446390openalex-snapshot

A Multi-Scale Bimodal Fusion Network for Robust and Accurate Online Handwriting Recognition

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/iccss52145.2020.9336903openalex-snapshot

Exponential stability of recurrent neural networks with mixed delays via impulse time interval control

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/iccv51701.2025.02144openalex-snapshot

MSA 2 : Multi-Task Framework With Structure-Aware and Style-Adaptive Character Representation for Open-Set Chinese Text Recognition

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2017.152openalex-snapshot

A GRU-Based Encoder-Decoder Approach with Attention for Online Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2019.00100openalex-snapshot

Cross-Modal Prototype Learning for Zero-Shot Handwriting Recognition

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2019.00107openalex-snapshot

Residual BiRNN Based Seq2Seq Model with Transition Probability Matrix for Online Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2019.00119openalex-snapshot

An Efficient off-Line Handwritten Japanese Address Recognition System

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2019.00191openalex-snapshot

Multi-modal Attention Network for Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition

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