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The Oil Spray Cooling System of Automotive Traction Motors: The State of the Art

https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2022.3189596
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Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02833195openalex-snapshot
Determination of the local quench curve for spray-cooled metallic surfaces
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s38314-017-0035-0openalex-snapshot
Internally Cooled Hollow Wires Doubling the Power Density of Electric Motors
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.11.057openalex-snapshot
Thermal performance of oil spray cooling system for in-wheel motor in electric vehicles
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.10.060openalex-snapshot
Experimental study of oil cooling systems for electric motors
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.05.082openalex-snapshot
Investigation of a spray cooling system with two nozzles for space application
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.02.119openalex-snapshot
Thermal characteristics and effects of oil spray cooling on in-wheel motors in electric vehicles
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117753openalex-snapshot
Optimization of oil flow distribution inside the in-wheel motor assembly of electric vehicles for improved thermal performance
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2007.06.007openalex-snapshot
Experimental study of non-boiling heat transfer from a horizontal surface by water sprays
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2006.09.003openalex-snapshot
Spray cooling heat transfer: The state of the art
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.07.040openalex-snapshot
Single-phase and two-phase cooling characteristics of upward-facing and downward-facing sprays
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.07.023openalex-snapshot
R-134a spray dynamics and impingement cooling in the non-boiling regime
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.06.029openalex-snapshot
Review of spray cooling – Part 1: Single-phase and nucleate boiling regimes, and critical heat flux
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.160openalex-snapshot
Development and performance characterization of an electric ground vehicle with independently actuated in-wheel motors
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtphys.2020.100255openalex-snapshot
Additive manufacturing of soft magnets for electrical machines—a review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2015.02.001openalex-snapshot
Electric vehicle traction motors without rare earth magnets
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1285(02)00004-7openalex-snapshot
Modeling drop size distributions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50498a023openalex-snapshot
Droplet Size Distribution in Sprays
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1124openalex-snapshot
EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERISATION OF RADIAL OIL SPRAY COOLING ON A STATOR WITH HAIRPIN WINDINGS
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2019.1020openalex-snapshot
Analytical thermal model and flow network analysis suitable for open self‐ventilated machines
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/26/1/012002openalex-snapshot
Spray measurement technology: a review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/6144.926375openalex-snapshot
Assessment of high-heat-flux thermal management schemes
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925711openalex-snapshot
Performance of a Direct-Liquid-Cooled Motor in an Electric Bus Under Different Load Cycles
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062618openalex-snapshot
Opportunities and Challenges of Utilizing Additive Manufacturing Approaches in Thermal Management of Electrical Machines
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/cefc.2016.7816110openalex-snapshot
Thermal analysis of switched reluctance motor with direct in-winding cooling system
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2015.7310458openalex-snapshot
Enhancement of electric motor thermal management through axial cooling methods: A materials approach
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2018.8558383openalex-snapshot
Analytical Approach to Design Hairpin Windings in High Performance Electric Vehicle Motors
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2019.8913234openalex-snapshot
Ceramic 3D Printed Direct Winding Heat Exchangers for Improving Electric Machine Thermal Management
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce47101.2021.9595071openalex-snapshot
Model Calibration of Oil Jet and Oil Spray Cooling in Electrical Machines with Hairpin Windings
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ests.2009.4906517openalex-snapshot
Double sided spray cooled bi-directional power conversion module
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2018.8506785openalex-snapshot
Design Guideline of an AC Hairpin Winding
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2018.8507170openalex-snapshot
On the Effects of Advanced End-Winding Cooling on the Design and Performance of Electrical Machines
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icem49940.2020.9270646openalex-snapshot
Modeling and design analysis of the Tesla Model S induction motor
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icems.2009.5382930openalex-snapshot
Study on spraying evaporative cooling technology for the large electrical machine
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icems.2015.7385321openalex-snapshot
Heat transfer characteristics of spray evaporative cooling system for large electrical machines
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icems.2017.8056050openalex-snapshot
The effect of spray parameter on heat dissipation in spray evaporatvie cooling high power density motors
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2017.8217503openalex-snapshot
A semi-flooded cooling for a high speed machine: Concept, design and practice of an oil sleeve
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8927706openalex-snapshot
Thermal Analysis of Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled Synchronous Reluctance Motor-state of art
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/iemdc.2017.8002307openalex-snapshot
Shaft cooling and the influence on the electromagnetic performance of traction motors
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/iemdc.2019.8785409openalex-snapshot
AC Winding Losses in Automotive Traction E-Machines: A New Hybrid Calculation Method
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/itec.2013.6574498openalex-snapshot
Benchmarking EV and HEV power electronics and electric machines
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2008.4544290openalex-snapshot
Evaporative spray cooling of power electronics using high temperature coolant
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2008.4544399openalex-snapshot
Two-phase spray cooling of hybrid vehicle electronics
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/iwed52055.2021.9376390openalex-snapshot
Oil Spray Cooling with Hairpin Windings in High-Performance Electric Vehicle Motors
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tcapt.2008.2006907openalex-snapshot
Two-Phase Spray Cooling of Hybrid Vehicle Electronics
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2012.2190933openalex-snapshot
Thermal Management of Power Inverter Modules at High Fluxes via Two-Phase Spray Cooling
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2014.2305804openalex-snapshot
Advanced High-Power-Density Interior Permanent Magnet Motor for Traction Applications
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2016.2518132openalex-snapshot
Modern Heat Extraction Systems for Power Traction Machines—A Review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2017.2672921openalex-snapshot
Advanced Cooling Methods for High-Speed Electrical Machines
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2018.2792459openalex-snapshot
Electrical Vehicles—Practical Solutions for Power Traction Motor Systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2019.2908801openalex-snapshot
Direct Liquid Cooling Method Verified With a Permanent-Magnet Traction Motor in a Bus
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.2968414openalex-snapshot
A Review on Different Aspects of Traction Motor Design for Railway Applications
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.2997902openalex-snapshot
Cooling of Windings in Electric Machines via 3-D Printed Heat Exchanger
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2681975openalex-snapshot
Direct Liquid Cooling Method Verified With an Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Traction Machine Prototype
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2835397openalex-snapshot
Cooling of Automotive Traction Motors: Schemes, Examples, and Computation Methods
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2868288openalex-snapshot
Improved Thermal Management and Analysis for Stator End-Windings of Electrical Machines
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2903758openalex-snapshot
Back-Iron Extension Thermal Benefits for Electrical Machines With Concentrated Windings
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2910031openalex-snapshot
Effective Thermal Conductivity Calculation and Measurement of Litz Wire Based on the Porous Metal Materials Structure
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2942563openalex-snapshot
Experimental Investigation on Oil Spray Cooling With Hairpin Windings
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2020.3031373openalex-snapshot
Estimation of Oil Spray Cooling Heat Transfer Coefficients on Hairpin Windings With Reduced-Parameter Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2021.3067601openalex-snapshot
A Thermal Modeling Approach and Experimental Validation for an Oil Spray-Cooled Hairpin Winding Machine
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2021.3075844openalex-snapshot
Traction Motor Cooling Systems: A Literature Review and Comparative Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/wemdcd.2015.7194542openalex-snapshot
Modern heat extraction systems for electrical machines - A review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/wemdcd.2017.7947728openalex-snapshot
Electrical vehicles - practical solutions for power traction drive systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2792112openalex-snapshot
Comparison of Two-Phase Electronic Cooling Using Free Jets and Sprays
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2910635openalex-snapshot
Correlating Equations for Impingement Cooling of Small Heat Sources With Single Circular Liquid Jets
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4023599openalex-snapshot
Recent Advances in High-Flux, Two-Phase Thermal Management
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4036303openalex-snapshot
Motor Cooling Modeling: An Inverse Method for the Identification of Convection Coefficients
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48382openalex-snapshot
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients of Automatic Transmission Fluid Jets With Implications for Electric Machine Thermal Management
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315120911openalex-snapshot
Atomization and Sprays
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2172/1349258openalex-snapshot
Brushless and Permanent Magnet Free Wound Field Synchronous Motors for EV Traction
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.30941/cestems.2019.00022openalex-snapshot
Overview of the rectangular wire windings AC electrical machine
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133339openalex-snapshot
Electromagnetic and Calorimetric Validation of a Direct Oil Cooled Tooth Coil Winding PM Machine for Traction Application
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/en7020961openalex-snapshot
Performance Evaluation of an In-Wheel Motor Cooling System in an Electric Vehicle/Hybrid Electric Vehicle
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/s16020218openalex-snapshot
Spray Droplet Characterization from a Single Nozzle by High Speed Image Analysis Using an In-Focus Droplet Criterion
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj8020443openalex-snapshot
Development of New Motor for Compact-Class Hybrid Vehicles
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2157openalex-snapshot
Permanent Magnet Starter-Generator for Aircraft Application
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0057openalex-snapshot
A Review of the State of the Art of Electric Traction Motors Cooling Techniques
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68455openalex-snapshot
Design, Optimization and Modelling of High Power Density Direct-Drive Wheel Motor for Light Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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2023 Index IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification Vol. 9
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Design and Verification of an Electrically Excited Synchronous Machine Rotor With Direct Oil Cooling for Truck Applications
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2024.3441033openalex-snapshot
High-Viscosity Spray Cooling System for High-Reliability Motor Drives in Electric Vehicles: A Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2024.3444692openalex-snapshot
Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Electrification: Trends and Technologies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2024.3517695openalex-snapshot
Two-Phase Immersion Cooling of High-Performance Electric Traction Motors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2025.3548479openalex-snapshot
Advanced Modeling of a 12/10 Variable Flux Reluctance Machine Using Winding and Air-Gap Permeance Functions Considering Saturation and Skew Effects
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2025.3559581openalex-snapshot
Identification of Thermal Parameters for PMSMs Based on High-Fidelity Lumped-Parameter Thermal Model
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2025.3570739openalex-snapshot
Enhanced Cooling Strategy of YASA Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor for Electric Automobile Application
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2025.3589507openalex-snapshot
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis of Rotor Oil Injection Cooling on Hairpin End Winding for an Automotive Traction Motor
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2025.3600151openalex-snapshot
Experimental Evaluation of Axial Multinozzle Impinging Oil Jets for End-Winding Cooling in Electric Vehicle Hairpin Traction Motors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2025.3612009openalex-snapshot
Fluid Dynamic Modeling of Composite Oil-Cooled Motors With Flat-Wire Concentrated Windings
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2025.3639544openalex-snapshot
Design and Analysis of In-Slot Sleeve Direct Oil Cooling Method for Reluctance Machines
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/usys62456.2024.11116493openalex-snapshot
Design and Simulation of Oil Cooling Structure of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Underwater Unmanned Vehicle
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/wemdcd55819.2023.10110928openalex-snapshot
Numerical Study of Oil Jet Cooling in Electric Traction Motors with Hairpin Windings
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2024-0240openalex-snapshot
Thermal analysis of a stator oil-immersed cooling high-speed permanent magnet generator based on the lumped parameter thermal network method
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/02670844261450394openalex-snapshot
Thermal spray coatings: For industrial and biomedical applications
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5399279openalex-snapshot
Statistical Assessment of Integrated Stator Cooling Channel Designs in Ipmsms and Their Effects on Electromagnetic and Thermal Performance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6182199openalex-snapshot
Design and Thermal Performance Optimisation of a Spray-Heat Pipe Composite Cooling Structure for YASA Motors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6535751openalex-snapshot
Direct-to-Chip Evaporative Cooling: Effect of Liquid Delivery Layer onFlow Maldistribution and Thermal Performance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2298/tsci231015288wopenalex-snapshot
Analysis of factors influencing heat transfer performance based on ship spray cooling system
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.23919/icems60997.2024.10921426openalex-snapshot
A Novel Phase-Unit Axial-Modular Permanent Magnet Machine With U-Core Stators for Aerospace Propulsion System
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.23919/icems66262.2025.11317726openalex-snapshot
Average Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurements on Radial Oil Jet Cooled Stranded End Windings
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.30941/cestems.2025.00001openalex-snapshot
High-Fidelity Lumped-Parameter Thermal Models for Assessing Cooling Techniques of PMSMs in EV Applications
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.30941/cestems.2026.00006openalex-snapshot
Self-Air-Cooling Design and Optimization for an Outer-Rotor PMSG in External Still Air
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.32604/fdmp.2025.063769openalex-snapshot
Numerical Analysis of Dual Atomizing Nozzle Jets in a Waste Warehouse
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/en16155758openalex-snapshot
Electromagnetic Performance Investigation of Rectangular-Structured Linear Actuator with End Ferromagnetic Poles
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/en16197006openalex-snapshot
Recent Developments in Cooling Systems and Cooling Management for Electric Motors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/en17163942openalex-snapshot
Optimizing Low-Temperature Three-Circuit Evaporative Cooling System for an Electric Motor by Using Refrigerants
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/en17225615openalex-snapshot
A Novel Cooling System for High-Speed Axial-Flux Machines Using Soft Magnetic Composites
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/en18010084openalex-snapshot
Thermal Finite-Element Model of Electric Machine Cooled by Spray
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/en18153954openalex-snapshot
Cooling Systems for High-Speed Machines—Review and Design Considerations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/en18164302openalex-snapshot
Study of the Thermal Performance of Oil-Cooled Electric Motor with Different Oil-Jet Ring Configurations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/en19030580openalex-snapshot
Study of the Cooling Performance of Electric Vehicle Motors Using a Centripetal-Inclined Oil Spray Cooling System
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/en19133040openalex-snapshot
Finite Element Analysis of Inflection Point Occurrence in Power Loss vs. Torque Curve of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Towards Optimal Torque Distribution in Electric Vehicles
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/en19173960openalex-snapshot
A Direct Rotor Oil Cooling Concept for an Electrically Excited Synchronous Propulsion Motor
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026157003openalex-snapshot
Design-Oriented Model for Estimating Current Density in Oil-Cooled End Windings
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6030058openalex-snapshot
Virtual Plug-In Hybrid Concept Development and Optimization under Real-World Boundary Conditions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16010050openalex-snapshot
Design, Analysis, and Comparison of Electric Vehicle Electric Oil Pump Motor Rotors Using Ferrite Magnet
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.22567891openalex-snapshot
Numerical Study of Oil Jet Cooling in Electric Traction Motors with Hairpin Windings
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.22567891.v1openalex-snapshot
Numerical Study of Oil Jet Cooling in Electric Traction Motors with Hairpin Windings
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4271/14-14-02-0010openalex-snapshot
Performance Evaluation and Thermal Analysis of Various Electric Drives for Automotive Electric Propulsion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4271/2025-01-8143openalex-snapshot
The Effect of Rotor Notches on Air Gap Heat Transfer Coefficient and Electromagnetic Performance in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Traction Applications
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4271/2026-99-1618openalex-snapshot
Accurate Control of Refueling Volume for a New Type of Oil Change Device in the Reducer of Tobacco Machinery Equipment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.6112/kscfe.2025.30.2.068openalex-snapshot
EFFECTS OF TURBULENCE MODELS ON AIR-GAP FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN EV MOTOR OIL COOLING SYSTEM
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