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The Role of Generic Language in the Early Development of Social Categorization

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.732openalex-snapshot
Names will never hurt me? Naming and the development of racial and gender categories in preschool‐aged children
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.09.005openalex-snapshot
Words (but not Tones) facilitate object categorization: Evidence from 6- and 12-month-olds
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2010.10.019openalex-snapshot
Do infants show social preferences for people differing in race?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2009.05.001openalex-snapshot
A developmental examination of the conceptual structure of animal, artifact, and human social categories across two cultural contexts
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.69.1.29openalex-snapshot
Person memory in intergroup contexts: Categorization versus individuation.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.135.4.501openalex-snapshot
Distortions in the perceived lightness of faces: The role of race categories.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026107openalex-snapshot
Seeing isn't believing: The effect of intergroup exposure on children's essentialist beliefs about ethnic categories.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1208951109openalex-snapshot
Cultural transmission of social essentialism
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.251541498openalex-snapshot
Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2012.742902openalex-snapshot
Constraints on the Acquisition of Social Category Concepts
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00194openalex-snapshot
Carrot-Eaters and Creature-Believers: The Effects of Lexicalization on Children's Inferences About Social Categories
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12108openalex-snapshot
Cross-Cultural Differences in Children's Beliefs About the Objectivity of Social Categories
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12130openalex-snapshot
The Linguistic Construction of Social Categories in Toddlers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02875.xopenalex-snapshot
Nouns Mark Category Relations: Toddlers' and Preschoolers' Word-Learning Biases
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb04197.xopenalex-snapshot
The Development of a Linkage between Count Nouns and Object Categories: Evidence from Fifteen- to Twenty-One-Month-Old Infants
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01956.xopenalex-snapshot
Social Categorization and the Formation of Intergroup Attitudes in Children
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00889.xopenalex-snapshot
The Role of Language, Appearance, and Culture in Children's Social Category-Based Induction
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00906.xopenalex-snapshot
Preschool Children's Attention to Environmental Messages About Groups: Social Categorization and the Origins of Intergroup Bias
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01408.xopenalex-snapshot
Categorization in 3- and 4-Month-Old Infants: An Advantage of Words Over Tones
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01432.xopenalex-snapshot
The Development of Social Essentialism: The Case of Israeli Children’s Inferences About Jews and Arabs
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01525.xopenalex-snapshot
The Generic/Nongeneric Distinction Influences How Children Interpret New Information About Social Others
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01572.xopenalex-snapshot
Two-Year-Olds Use the Generic/Nongeneric Distinction to Guide Their Inferences About Novel Kinds
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01577.xopenalex-snapshot
Consequences of “Minimal” Group Affiliations in Children
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01679.xopenalex-snapshot
Nature and Nurture in Own-Race Face Processing
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb01446.xopenalex-snapshot
Self‐Categorization and Bystander Non‐intervention: Two Experimental Studies1
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.93openalex-snapshot
Social Cognition: Thinking Categorically about Others
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612463081openalex-snapshot
Two Signatures of Implicit Intergroup Attitudes
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2803954openalex-snapshot
Cognitive Foundations of Natural History: Towards an Anthropology of Science.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/3034047openalex-snapshot
Race in the Making: Cognition, Culture, and the Child's Construction of Human Kinds.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.28-4497openalex-snapshot
Cognitive foundations of natural history: towards an anthropology of science
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/5734.001.0001openalex-snapshot
Race in the Making

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4676100openalex-extracted
Strategic Communicators and Asymmetry Effects in Generic and Quantified Generalizations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/9781119679028.ch18openalex-snapshot
Race and Ethnicity in the Context of Children's Social Development
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2538openalex-snapshot
When do generics lead to social essentialism: Developmental evidence from Iran
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1437openalex-snapshot
The development and developmental consequences of social essentialism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.70000openalex-snapshot
Giving Generic Language Another Thought
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-82221-6_6openalex-snapshot
Psychological Essentialism and Natural Kinds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38720-4_16openalex-snapshot
Wann ist mein Verfahren genderfair?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-023-09921-1openalex-snapshot
A more thought-ful ape?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.21640-4openalex-snapshot
Social Cognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818872-9.00077-7openalex-snapshot
Prejudice in the lives of children and adolescents
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.01.003openalex-snapshot
Groups as moral boundaries: A developmental perspective
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.05.001openalex-snapshot
What is social essentialism and how does it develop?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.dnb.2023.05.004openalex-snapshot
The language of developmental disability
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103707openalex-snapshot
How cues to social categorization impact children's inferences about social categories
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103729openalex-snapshot
The influence of language input on 3-year-olds' learning about novel social categories
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100962openalex-snapshot
How origin stories shape children’s social reasoning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105246openalex-snapshot
The influence of linguistic form and causal explanations on the development of social essentialism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105707openalex-snapshot
Testimony and observation of statistical evidence interact in adults' and children's category-based induction
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106004openalex-snapshot
Generics and Quantified Generalizations: Asymmetry Effects and Strategic Communicators
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106016openalex-snapshot
The role of exceptions in children's and adults' judgments about generic statements
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102099openalex-snapshot
The development of inductive reasoning during infancy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.03.003openalex-snapshot
Children’s expectations about conventional and moral behaviors of ingroup and outgroup members
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105231openalex-snapshot
Categories convey prescriptive information across domains and development
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2025.106401openalex-snapshot
Children infer social group attitudes from evaluative behavioral information but do not extend them to unfamiliar group members
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2026.106484openalex-snapshot
Special days for one group inform children about both mentioned and unmentioned groups
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104890openalex-snapshot
How stereotypes develop from memory limitations and second-hand knowledge
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.04.004openalex-snapshot
The Origins of Social Categorization
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2022.04.004openalex-snapshot
Children’s thinking about group-based social hierarchies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.012openalex-snapshot
How generic language shapes the development of social thought
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641302openalex-snapshot
Words Matter
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641302.001openalex-snapshot
Getting Started
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641302.002openalex-snapshot
Labeling: “What Are You, Anyway?”
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641302.003openalex-snapshot
Marking/Erasing: “Instead of Saying ‘Normal Americans,’ You Can Just Say ‘Americans’”
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641302.004openalex-snapshot
Generalizing: “All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, but Some of Us Are Brave”
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641302.005openalex-snapshot
Addressing: “All Right,My Man …Keep Your Hands on the Steering Wheel”
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641302.006openalex-snapshot
Putting Down: “[They] Aren’t People – They’re Animals”
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641302.007openalex-snapshot
Reforming/Resisting: “It’s Like a Kind of Sexual Racism”
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641302.008openalex-snapshot
Authorizing: “When I Use a Word It Means Just What I Choose It to Mean … [But Who] Is to Be Master?”
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641302.009openalex-snapshot
Concluding
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641302.010openalex-snapshot
References
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108641302.011openalex-snapshot
Index
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2022.47openalex-snapshot
Moral Principles as Generics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2022.94openalex-snapshot
Genericity and Inductive Inference
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0047404521000282openalex-snapshot
Generics in society
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x19002516openalex-snapshot
Intuitive theories inform children's beliefs about intergroup obligation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0305000922000319openalex-snapshot
Parents’ talk about conceptual categories with infants: stability, variability, and implications for expressive language development
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000925openalex-snapshot
Preschoolers use helpful and harmful interactions to predict social category membership.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001391openalex-snapshot
Sorting out emotions: How labels influence emotion categorization.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001008openalex-snapshot
Social sampling: Children track social choices to reason about status hierarchies.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.346.04aznopenalex-snapshot
New social categories in dangerous times
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/0020174x.2024.2373244openalex-snapshot
Clinical reasoning and generics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2024.2366418openalex-snapshot
The (Dis)unity of psychological (social) bias
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2026.2720619openalex-snapshot
Rates of Gender Representation in Children’s Literature Across Cultures: A Comparison of Chinese vs. U.S. Children’s Books
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2021.1932984openalex-snapshot
An Integrative Developmental Framework for Studying Gender Inequities in Politics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2020.1757452openalex-snapshot
Children’s Use of Generic Labels, Discreteness, and Stability to Form a Novel Category
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2020.1797751openalex-snapshot
Advancing Developmental Science via Unmoderated Remote Research with Children
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197799871.001.0001openalex-snapshot
Linguistic Relativity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197799871.002.0004openalex-snapshot
Preface
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197799871.003.0001openalex-snapshot
Basic Linguistic Relativity A Quick Sketch
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197799871.003.0002openalex-snapshot
Some Historical Antecedents of Linguistic Relativity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197799871.003.0003openalex-snapshot
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf: Lives, Research, and Whorfianism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197799871.003.0004openalex-snapshot
Three Interpretations of Linguistic Relativity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197799871.003.0005openalex-snapshot
Linguistic Relativity and Cognitive Science
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197799871.003.0006openalex-snapshot
Conclusion: Whorf and Relativity—Yes? or No?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/9780197799871.003.0007openalex-snapshot
Afterword
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12356openalex-snapshot
Enhancing same‐gender imitation by highlighting gender norms in Chinese pre‐school children
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13008openalex-snapshot
The Nature and Consequences of Essentialist Beliefs About Race in Early Childhood
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13527openalex-snapshot
Does It Matter How We Speak About Social Kinds? A Large, Preregistered, Online Experimental Study of How Language Shapes the Development of Essentialist Beliefs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13547openalex-snapshot
Overhearing Brief Negative Messages Has Lasting Effects on Children’s Attitudes Toward Novel Social Groups
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13846openalex-snapshot
Learning the rules of the game: The role of generic “you” and “we” in shaping children's interpretations of norms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13051openalex-snapshot
Language Signaling High Proportions and Generics Lead to Generalizing, but Not Essentializing, for Novel Social Kinds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13209openalex-snapshot
Generic Language for Social and Animal Kinds: An Examination of the Asymmetry Between Acceptance and Inferences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13223openalex-snapshot
Speaking of Kinds: How Correcting Generic Statements can Shape Children's Concepts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12788openalex-snapshot
Bias at the intersection of race and gender: Evidence from preschool‐aged children
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12837openalex-snapshot
Children lose confidence in their potential to “be scientists,” but not in their capacity to “do science”
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12823openalex-snapshot
Psychological essentialism and the structure of concepts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.70095openalex-snapshot
A Developmental Perspective on the Racial Socialization of White Children: Linguistic and Social‐Cognitive Considerations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084824openalex-snapshot
The Development of Social Categorization
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/02646196231203594openalex-snapshot
Verbalizing visual characterizations of race in the audio description of Netflix
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618823670openalex-snapshot
Subtle Linguistic Cues Increase Girls’ Engagement in Science
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620953132openalex-snapshot
The Unintended Consequences of the Things We Say: What Generic Statements Communicate to Children About Unmentioned Categories
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1515/les-2023-0034openalex-snapshot
Shaping the visually impaired perception of gender through Netflix audio description of movies and series
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.15738/kjell.23..202305.358openalex-snapshot
Non-conventionalized Generics and Exceptions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18297/etd/4093openalex-snapshot
Children's beliefs about hierarchical structures and relationships.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/a7sp4openalex-snapshot
The Psychology of Natural Kind Terms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/chbkqopenalex-snapshot
Asymmetry Effects in Generic and Quantified Generalizations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nb6ysopenalex-snapshot
Does It Matter How We Speak About Social Kinds? A Large, Pre-Registered, Online Experimental Study of How Language Shapes the Development of Essentialist Beliefs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qanh6openalex-snapshot
The Cognitive Precursors of Early Developing Essentialist Beliefs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/s6chbopenalex-snapshot
Children's media communicates essentialist views of science and scientists
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u8d7sopenalex-snapshot
Higher education in the social sciences impacts essentialist conceptions of racial disparities
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xe6sjopenalex-snapshot
Language Signalling High Proportions, not Just Generics, Leads to Essentializing for Novel Social Kinds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zkjyropenalex-snapshot
The unintended consequences of the things we say: What generics communicate to children about unmentioned categories
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323535478.pp.111-124openalex-snapshot
Znajomość pojęcia „niepełnosprawność” wśród dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym i jej determinanty
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.772639openalex-snapshot
Space-Focused Stereotypes About People Living With HIV/AIDS and the Effects on Community-Approaching Willingness
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2023.01068openalex-snapshot
Effects of social essentialism on prejudice and its mechanisms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11970.003.0022openalex-snapshot
Are Humans Born to Hate? Three Myths and Three Developmental Lessons about the Origins of Social Categorization and Intergroup Bias
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