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How smart are the smart toys?

https://doi.org/10.1145/3202185.3202741
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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.10121openalex-snapshot
Reconsidering conceptual change: Issues in theory and practice
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02769164openalex-snapshot
The second self: Computers and the human spirit
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-010-9163-9openalex-snapshot
Making Sense by Building Sense: Kindergarten Children’s Construction and Understanding of Adaptive Robot Behaviors
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-012-0173-8openalex-snapshot
An Experimental Study on Emotional Reactions Towards a Robot
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(94)90027-2openalex-snapshot
Young children's naive theory of biology
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0965(86)90013-5openalex-snapshot
Children's understandings of the attributes of life
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.012openalex-snapshot
“It doesn’t matter what you are!” Explaining social effects of agents and avatars
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2004.01.002openalex-snapshot
Revisiting preschoolers’ living things concept: A microgenetic analysis of conceptual change in basic biology
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2005.02.002openalex-snapshot
The Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.04.003openalex-snapshot
Understanding how children understand robots: Perceived animism in child–robot interaction
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2010.08.014openalex-snapshot
Behaving as or behaving as if? Children’s conceptions of personified robots and the emergence of a new ontological category
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(99)00019-0openalex-snapshot
The role of motion in children's categorization of objects
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-2297(03)00010-8openalex-snapshot
The development of children’s beliefs about intelligence
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-0213(03)00065-xopenalex-snapshot
Comparing expert and novice understanding of a complex system from the perspective of structures, behaviors, and functions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0885-2014(86)80024-7openalex-snapshot
Conceptual domains and the acquisition of metaphor
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/11168-000openalex-snapshot
The construction of reality in the child.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027033openalex-snapshot
“Robovie, you'll have to go into the closet now”: Children's social and moral relationships with a humanoid robot.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1075/is.7.3.13kahopenalex-snapshot
Robotic pets in the lives of preschool children
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/016502598384207openalex-snapshot
Gauging Children’s Understanding of Artificially Intelligent Objects: A Presentation of “Counterfactuals”
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/10508400801986116openalex-snapshot
Searching for Signs of Intelligent Life: An Investigation of Young Children's Beliefs About Robot Intelligence
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00304openalex-snapshot
Meta-Analysis of Theory-of-Mind Development: The Truth about False Belief
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00353openalex-snapshot
Children's and Adults' Models for Predicting Teleological Action: The Development of a Biology-Based Model
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01095.xopenalex-snapshot
Robots and Rodents: Children’s Inferences About Living and Nonliving Kinds
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835x.1995.tb00686.xopenalex-snapshot
Do computers have brains? What children believe about intelligent artifacts
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1109540.1109541openalex-snapshot
Playthings that do things
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1957656.1957710openalex-snapshot
The new ontological category hypothesis in human-robot interaction
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1999030.1999047openalex-snapshot
TinkRBook
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2771839.2771910openalex-snapshot
"Siri, is this you?"
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025735openalex-snapshot
Toys that Listen
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3078072.3084330openalex-snapshot
"Hey Google is it OK if I eat you?"
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.21openalex-snapshot
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: Children's Knowledge About the Mind
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1159/000273201openalex-snapshot
Children’s Expectations Concerning Natural Kind Categories
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1159/000276364openalex-snapshot
Children’s Use of Categories to Guide Biological Inferences
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1163/9789087903480openalex-snapshot
Key Works in Radical Constructivism
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2801_7openalex-snapshot
Comparing expert and novice understanding of a complex system from the perspective of structures, behaviors, and functions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/3105353openalex-snapshot
The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315006215openalex-snapshot
Child's Conception of the World
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315009650openalex-snapshot
The Construction Of Reality In The Child
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410606716-20openalex-snapshot
Exploring the Relationships Between Conceptual Change and Intentional Learning

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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Tracking human interactions with a commercially-available robot over multiple days
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21935-2_3openalex-snapshot
Security in Smart Toys: A Systematic Review of Literature
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05643-7_5openalex-snapshot
Adoption and Perception of Artificial Intelligence Technologies by Children and Teens in Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19682-9_91openalex-snapshot
Designing for Perceived Intelligence in Human-Agent Interaction: A Systematic Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-29773-0_17openalex-snapshot
What Children’s AI Literacy Books Teach: A Content Analysis Using the AI4K12 Framework
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-3658-0_6openalex-snapshot
Theory of Mind in Human-AI Interaction and AI
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7371-2_3openalex-snapshot
Bringing Privacy and Data Protection Issues Closer to Home
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-020-00535-2openalex-snapshot
Continuous improvement process (CIP)-based privacy-preserving framework for smart connected toys
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10540-1openalex-snapshot
The role of politeness in human–machine interactions: a systematic literature review and future perspectives
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-024-09780-zopenalex-snapshot
Understanding Student Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence as a Teammate
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-021-00733-7openalex-snapshot
Teaching Artificial Intelligence to K-12 Through a Role-Playing Game Questioning the Intelligence Concept
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-021-00753-3openalex-snapshot
Programming and Computational Thinking in Mathematics Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42486-019-00014-1openalex-snapshot
Manifestation of virtual assistants and robots into daily life: vision and challenges
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100012openalex-snapshot
Behavioral-pattern exploration and development of an instructional tool for young children to learn AI
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100425openalex-snapshot
Teaching AI awareness in middle school classrooms: Design, implementation and evaluation of two education modules on algorithmic bias and filter bubbles
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104324openalex-snapshot
Children's social interactions within a socioenactive scenario
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105641openalex-snapshot
Development and validation of a scenario-based multiple-choice test of AI ethical competence (AIEC) using item response theory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0890060420000499openalex-snapshot
Smart design of intelligent companion toys for preschool children
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000889openalex-snapshot
Artificial intelligence enhances children’s science learning from television shows.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2025.2581711openalex-snapshot
Parents’ Roles and Strategies in Developing Children’s AI Literacy: A Scoping Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2024.2387075openalex-snapshot
Toys for children and adolescents: gendered preferences and developmental utilities
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1807710openalex-snapshot
Systematic Review: Trust-Building Factors and Implications for Conversational Agent Design
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10901027.2026.2730574openalex-snapshot
Artificial intelligence through the eyes of preservice child development students: perceived opportunities and concerns
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2024.2367052openalex-snapshot
‘No, Alexa, no!’: designing child-safe AI and protecting children from the risks of the ‘empathy gap’ in large language models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198882077.003.0022openalex-snapshot
Artificial Intelligence (AI) as the Growing Actor in Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/bb48857.2019.8941208openalex-snapshot
It’s not Magic After All – Machine Learning in Snap! using Reinforcement Learning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/gcaiot68269.2025.11275547openalex-snapshot
AIoT in Early Childhood Education: Policy Gaps, Ethical Imperatives, and Long-Term Educational Outcomes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/ismar-adjunct60411.2023.00071openalex-snapshot
Emissary Educator Playmate Oracle (EEPO): A Human-Technology Framework and XR to Support Child Well-Being
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2018.2877749openalex-snapshot
Playing With Danger: A Taxonomy and Evaluation of Threats to Smart Toys
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/nkcon56289.2022.10126650openalex-snapshot
i-Companion: An IOT based smart toy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12475openalex-snapshot
Talking with machines: Can conversational technologies serve as children's social partners?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70473openalex-snapshot
Preschool Teachers' Artificial Intelligence Awareness: An Experimental Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12867openalex-snapshot
AI literacy curriculum and its relation to children's perceptions of robots and attitudes towards engineering and science: An intervention study in early childhood education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12521openalex-snapshot
AUGMENTED REALITY, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AND THE RE‐ENCHANTMENT OF THE WORLD
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300645openalex-snapshot
Can Children Understand Machine Learning Concepts?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300677openalex-snapshot
A is for Artificial Intelligence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3312894openalex-snapshot
Scratch Nodes ML
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3311890.3311904openalex-snapshot
Inclusive AI literacy for kids around the world
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3311927.3323143openalex-snapshot
Assessing Children's Perceptions and Acceptance of a Social Robot
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3311927.3323151openalex-snapshot
Voice Agents Supporting High-Quality Social Play
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3311927.3323157openalex-snapshot
Smart Homes Programming
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376416openalex-snapshot
What Are You Talking To?: Understanding Children's Perceptions of Conversational Agents
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727openalex-snapshot
What is AI Literacy? Competencies and Design Considerations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3392063.3394418openalex-snapshot
A content analysis of voice-based apps on the market for early literacy development
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445445openalex-snapshot
Designing Conversational Agents: A Self-Determination Theory Approach
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3450741.3465264openalex-snapshot
The Role of Collaboration, Creativity, and Embodiment in AI Learning Experiences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3460712openalex-snapshot
How do children’s perceptions of machine intelligence change when training and coding smart programs?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3460729openalex-snapshot
Supporting Shy Preschool Children in Joining Social Play
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3460730openalex-snapshot
“Alexa, Can I Program You?”: Student Perceptions of Conversational Artificial Intelligence Before and After Programming Alexa
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3484495openalex-snapshot
In the Black Mirror: Youth Investigations into Artificial Intelligence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3502031openalex-snapshot
Family as a Third Space for AI Literacies: How do children and parents learn about AI together?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3502050openalex-snapshot
“Elinor’s Talking to Me!”:Integrating Conversational AI into Children’s Narrative Science Programming
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580933openalex-snapshot
‘Treat me as your friend, not a number in your database’: Co-designing with Children to Cope with Datafication Online
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581378openalex-snapshot
“I Would Like to Design”: Black Girls Analyzing and Ideating Fair and Accountable AI
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'Don't make assumptions about me!': Understanding Children's Perception of Datafication Online
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Brief Summary of Existing Research on Students’ Conceptions of AI
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3568813.3600110openalex-snapshot
Funds of Knowledge used by Adolescents of Color in Scaffolded Sensemaking around Algorithmic Fairness
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3589354openalex-snapshot
“Rosita Reads With My Family”: Developing A Bilingual Conversational Agent to Support Parent-Child Shared Reading
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3589366openalex-snapshot
Five Design Recommendations for Teaching Teenagers’ about Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3589379openalex-snapshot
Scaffolding Children’s Sensemaking around Algorithmic Fairness
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3589390openalex-snapshot
MagiBricks: Fostering Intergenerational Connectedness in Distributed Play with Smart Toy Bricks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642332openalex-snapshot
Testing, Socializing, Exploring: Characterizing Middle Schoolers’ Approaches to and Conceptions of ChatGPT
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3613905.3650836openalex-snapshot
A Home Study of Parent-Child Co-Reading with a Bilingual Conversational Agent
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3628516.3655787openalex-snapshot
“Are you smart?”: Children's Understanding of “Smart” Technologies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713841openalex-snapshot
Exploring What People Need to Know to be AI Literate: Tailoring for a Diversity of AI Roles and Responsibilities
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3713043.3728856openalex-snapshot
Children's Mental Models of AI Reasoning: Implications for AI Literacy Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3769994.3770002openalex-snapshot
Children's and Adolescents' Anthropomorphic Conceptions of Social Robots and Chatbots – A Systematic Literature Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3790765openalex-snapshot
Do Children Trust AI, and Should They? Designing and Validating a Child-Centred K-AI Trust Scale for Intelligent Systems
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3773077.3806107openalex-snapshot
Building to Understand: Examining Teens’ Technical and Socio-Ethical Pieces of Understanding in the Construction of Small Generative Language Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3773077.3812171openalex-snapshot
Explainable AI and Robots for Children: Why Transparency Alone is Not Enough
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/14639491231206004openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/14639491251340141openalex-snapshot
Integrating artificial intelligence into early childhood teacher education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s43031-026-00155-1openalex-snapshot
Designing a critical AI literacy program for K-8 STEM education: Adopting a community-centered approach
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i17.17841openalex-snapshot
Introduction to Machine Learning with Robots and Playful Learning
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SMARTING THE TOY: A PROPOSAL FOR A FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY CONTAINING TOYS
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2023.83.2697openalex-snapshot
Robots sociales y crecimiento ético en Educación Infantil
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.22481/reed.v3i7.10336openalex-snapshot
EDUCA AÇÃO COM CIÊNCIA: POR UMA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ENSINO E PESQUISAS EM INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E LETRAMENTO CIENTÍFICO
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.30987/graphicon-2019-2-202-206openalex-snapshot
A "Labyrinth" toy for 6-7 Years Old Children as a Way of Intellectual Development of a Child
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fd3h2openalex-snapshot
Tracking Human Interactions with a Commercially-available Robot over Multiple Days: A Tutorial
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/youth6030093openalex-snapshot
Caught in Between Protection and Autonomy: A Scoping Review of Youth’s Right to Participation in Artificial Intelligence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-5403-3.ch013openalex-snapshot
From Scroll to School
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Designing AI Learning Experiences for K-12: Emerging Works, Future Opportunities and a Design Framework
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.51355/jstem.2020.87openalex-snapshot
How Parents Support Children’s Informal Learning Experiences with Robots
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1753483openalex-snapshot
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES TODAY BEING A CHILD IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.52826/mcbuefd.1800802openalex-snapshot
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Yapay Zekâ Farkındalıkları ve Yapay Zekânın Eğitimdeki Rolüne İlişkin Görüşleri
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5380/ef.v1i37.97860openalex-snapshot
Arte, tecnologia e inteligência artificial: relato de uma capacitação extensionista para educadores junto ao programa Arte na Escola - polo FURB
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v11n8p291openalex-snapshot
Design Artificial Intelligence Convergence Teaching and Learning Model CP3 and Evaluations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.64628/aai.w5qa4m6mpopenalex-snapshot
Kids cartoon characters that use AI to customize responses help children learn
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13654.001.0001openalex-snapshot
Algorithmic Rights and Protections for Children
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13654.003.0014openalex-snapshot
The 4 As: Ask, Adapt, Author, Analyze: AI Literacy Framework for Families
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