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Black or White but Never Neutral: How Readers Perceive Identity from Yellow or Skin-toned Emoji

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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.124.6.869openalex-snapshot
The Validity and Practicality of Sun-Reactive Skin Types I Through VI
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470175637openalex-snapshot
Colorimetry
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1002/col.20070openalex-snapshot
The CIEDE2000 color-difference formula: Implementation notes, supplementary test data, and mathematical observations
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47880-7_33openalex-snapshot
EmojiNet: Building a Machine Readable Sense Inventory for Emoji
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00415-6openalex-snapshot
The Whiteness of AI
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-015-0014-8openalex-snapshot
The Digital Self: How Social Media Serves as a Setting that Shapes Youth’s Emotional Experiences
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/0271-5309(88)90019-5openalex-snapshot
Lexical diversity and magnitude of convergent versus divergent style shifting-: Perceptual and evaluative consequences
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.015openalex-snapshot
Late adolescent identity definition and intimate disclosure on Facebook
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.05.025openalex-snapshot
Why don't we believe non-native speakers? The influence of accent on credibility
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2016.09.007openalex-snapshot
How do children learn to avoid referential ambiguity? Insights from eye-tracking
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511486678openalex-snapshot
New Zealand English
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503323024openalex-snapshot
Male voices and perceived sexual orientation: An experimental and theoretical approach
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954394509000052openalex-snapshot
The nature of sociolinguistic perception
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1017/s095439451800008xopenalex-snapshot
Controlled and automatic perceptions of a sociolinguistic marker
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.113.4.700openalex-snapshot
The physics of optimal decision making: A formal analysis of models of performance in two-alternative forced-choice tasks.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/h0044430openalex-snapshot
Evaluational reactions to spoken languages.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g16.09bauopenalex-snapshot
Perceptions within a variable paradigm
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073x.2020.1790087openalex-snapshot
Age-Related Differences in Emoji Evaluation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/03637757309375807openalex-snapshot
Speech characteristics and employability
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2014.962491openalex-snapshot
Denying Discrimination: Status, ‘Race’, and the Whitening of Britain's New Europeans
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa038openalex-snapshot
Invisible Women Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01498.xopenalex-snapshot
Ethno-Racial Identity Displays on Facebook
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00965.xopenalex-snapshot
Children’s selective trust in native-accented speakers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818x.2010.00201.xopenalex-snapshot
Sociolinguistics and Perception
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12080openalex-snapshot
Gender identity and lexical variation in social media
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/1958824.1958880openalex-snapshot
Faceted identity, faceted lives
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819959openalex-snapshot
Identity Work on Social Media Sites
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186157openalex-snapshot
Through a Gender Lens
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3274332openalex-snapshot
Social Media as Social Transition Machinery
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3274393openalex-snapshot
What I See is What You Don't Get
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300773openalex-snapshot
Rehumanized Crowdsourcing
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314244openalex-snapshot
Actionable Auditing
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376392openalex-snapshot
Critical Race Theory for HCI
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3375629openalex-snapshot
Gender and Age Influences on Interpretation of Emoji Functions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3377479openalex-snapshot
Emoji Skin Tone Modifiers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3394231.3397919openalex-snapshot
Analysing Privacy Leakage of Life Events on Twitter
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00258openalex-snapshot
Computational Sociolinguistics: A Survey
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243919862862openalex-snapshot
Robotics Has a Race Problem
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0270467610385893openalex-snapshot
The Presentation of Self in the Age of Social Media: Distinguishing Performances and Exhibitions Online
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439320914853openalex-snapshot
Black Trolls Matter: Racial and Ideological Asymmetries in Social Media Disinformation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810397031openalex-snapshot
Beyond the pale: The Blackbird web browser’s critical reception
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813520301openalex-snapshot
Race, gender, and self-presentation in teen profile photographs
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445605054407openalex-snapshot
Identity and interaction: a sociocultural linguistic approach
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796805052113openalex-snapshot
The limitations of whiteness and the boundaries of Englishness
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796817712311openalex-snapshot
The maintenance of white privilege: The case of white South African migrants in the UK
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/1555412011402676openalex-snapshot
‘‘When Keeping it Real Goes Wrong’’: Resident Evil 5, Racial Representation, and Gamers
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v11i1.14857openalex-snapshot
EmojiNet: An Open Service and API for Emoji Sense Discovery
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v11i1.14901openalex-snapshot
Understanding Emoji Ambiguity in Context: The Role of Text in Emoji-Related Miscommunication
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v13i01.3224openalex-snapshot
Studying Cultural Differences in Emoji Usage across the East and the West
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.nlpcss-1.22openalex-snapshot
Emoji and Self-Identity in Twitter Bios
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/e17-1116openalex-snapshot
Aye or naw, whit dae ye hink? Scottish independence and linguistic identity on social media
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s18-2011openalex-snapshot
How Gender and Skin Tone Modifiers Affect Emoji Semantics in Twitter
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/258197openalex-snapshot
A Social Psychologist Discovers Chicago Sociology
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1pwt9w5openalex-snapshot
Algorithms of Oppression
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/22hq2openalex-snapshot
Why Youth Heart Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-0353-0454-1openalex-snapshot
Perceiving Identity through Accent: Attitudes towards Non-Native Speakers and their Accents in English
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146openalex-snapshot
G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0739-8openalex-snapshot
Default “Gunel and Dickey” Bayes factors for contingency tables
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203784440openalex-snapshot
English Accents and Dialects
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315887104openalex-snapshot
Social Identity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1707.04652openalex-snapshot
EmojiNet: An Open Service and API for Emoji Sense Discovery
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v23i9.9395openalex-snapshot
Cultural literacy in the empire of emoji signs: Who is crying with joy?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.45-3204openalex-snapshot
Colorimetry: understanding the CIE system
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.48-3597openalex-snapshot
Encyclopedia of identity
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.50-2938openalex-snapshot
Critical race theory: an introduction

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61966-3_18openalex-snapshot
Emoji Interpretation and Usage in Bilingual Communication
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73723-7_6openalex-snapshot
Emojis and Their Users: A Review of Demographic Variables
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-06988-zopenalex-snapshot
Gender biases in online communication: A case study of soccer
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2024.102207openalex-snapshot
Are you what you emoji? How skin tone emojis and profile pictures shape attention and social inference processing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.24116.dicopenalex-snapshot
Data interference
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2021.2000333openalex-snapshot
Skin-tone modified emoji and first-person indexicality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581086openalex-snapshot
We are the Data: Challenges and Opportunities for Creating Demographically Diverse Anthropographics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3641014openalex-snapshot
Party Face Congratulations! Exploring Design Ideas to Help Sighted Users with Emoji Accessibility when Messaging with Screen Reader Users
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3653702openalex-snapshot
"Pinocchio had a Nose, You have a Network!": On Characterizing Fake News Spreaders on Arabic Social Media
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1145/3678884.3681863openalex-snapshot
Working with Color: How Color Quantization Can Aid Researchers of Problematic Information
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231194586openalex-snapshot
You Can (Not) Say What You Want: Using Algospeak to Contest and Evade Algorithmic Content Moderation on TikTok
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-025-00669-8openalex-snapshot
How authority affects social evaluations of negotiation words
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v18i1.31429openalex-snapshot
Emoji Promotes Developer Participation and Issue Resolution on GitHub
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.502openalex-snapshot
Stereotypes and Smut: The (Mis)representation of Non-cisgender Identities by Text-to-Image Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2196/52386openalex-snapshot
Engagement With a Relaxation and Mindfulness Mobile App Among People With Cancer: Exploratory Analysis of Use Data and Self-Reports From a Randomized Controlled Trial
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1148517openalex-snapshot
Digital identity performance through emoji on the social media platform Instagram
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