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Evaluation of Question Answering Systems: Complexity of Judging a Natural Language

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Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Text‐based question answering from information retrieval and deep neural network perspectives: A survey
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LC-QuAD 2.0: A Large Dataset for Complex Question Answering over Wikidata and DBpedia
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Creative Help: A Story Writing Assistant
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Recent progress in leveraging deep learning methods for question answering
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Question answering at the cross-language evaluation forum 2003–2010
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GPT-3: Its Nature, Scope, Limits, and Consequences
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Can ChatGPT forecast stock price movements? Return predictability and large language models
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A survey on question answering systems with classification
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Knowledge-based question answering by tree-to-sequence learning
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Skeleton parsing for complex question answering over knowledge bases
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The Two Word Test as a semantic benchmark for large language models
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Models of natural language understanding.
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Multi-Scale Attentive Interaction Networks for Chinese Medical Question Answer Selection
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Show and tell: A neural image caption generator
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CIDEr: Consensus-based image description evaluation
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Knowing When to Look: Adaptive Attention via a Visual Sentinel for Image Captioning
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Learning to Generate Diverse Questions from Keywords
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Model Selection Techniques: An Overview
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Machine Comprehension of Spoken Content: TOEFL Listening Test and Spoken SQuAD
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Knowledge Base Question Answering With a Matching-Aggregation Model and Question-Specific Contextual Relations
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Temporal Reasoning via Audio Question Answering
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Answering Natural Language Questions by Subgraph Matching over Knowledge Graphs
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The Vanishing Gradient Problem During Learning Recurrent Neural Nets and Problem Solutions
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Baseball
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Progress in natural language understanding
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From Question to Text
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A Review on Question Generation from Natural Language Text
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3485766openalex-snapshot
A Survey of Evaluation Metrics Used for NLG Systems
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QA Dataset Explosion: A Taxonomy of NLP Resources for Question Answering and Reading Comprehension
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Introduction to “This is Watson”
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An Investigation into the Validity of Some Metrics for Automatically Evaluating Natural Language Generation Systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00023openalex-snapshot
The NarrativeQA Reading Comprehension Challenge
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00266openalex-snapshot
CoQA: A Conversational Question Answering Challenge
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00276openalex-snapshot
Natural Questions: A Benchmark for Question Answering Research
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-019-3119-4openalex-snapshot
A question-entailment approach to question answering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.13052/jwe1540-9589.1785openalex-snapshot
A Review of Question Answering Systems
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A Hierarchical Latent Variable Encoder-Decoder Model for Generating Dialogues
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RUBER: An Unsupervised Method for Automatic Evaluation of Open-Domain Dialog Systems
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Variational Reasoning for Question Answering With Knowledge Graph
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v12i1.14987openalex-snapshot
LearningQ: A Large-Scale Dataset for Educational Question Generation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.15642openalex-snapshot
Experimental Design of Extractive Question-Answering Systems: Influence of Error Scores and Answer Length
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.220openalex-snapshot
Learning an Unreferenced Metric for Online Dialogue Evaluation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.413openalex-snapshot
Template-Based Question Generation from Retrieved Sentences for Improved Unsupervised Question Answering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.69openalex-snapshot
Syn-QG: Syntactic and Shallow Semantic Rules for Question Generation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.91openalex-snapshot
Query Graph Generation for Answering Multi-hop Complex Questions from Knowledge Bases
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.437openalex-snapshot
How Much Knowledge Can You Pack Into the Parameters of a Language Model?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.inlg-1.22openalex-snapshot
A Gold Standard Methodology for Evaluating Accuracy in Data-To-Text Systems
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.eacl-main.86openalex-snapshot
Question and Answer Test-Train Overlap in Open-Domain Question Answering Datasets
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.393openalex-snapshot
Hurdles to Progress in Long-form Question Answering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.eacl-mainopenalex-snapshot
Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.newsum-1.1openalex-snapshot
Is ChatGPT a Good NLG Evaluator? A Preliminary Study
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Sentiment Analysis in the Era of Large Language Models: A Reality Check
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MCTest: A Challenge Dataset for the Open-Domain Machine Comprehension of Text
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Semantic Parsing on Freebase from Question-Answer Pairs
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inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1241openalex-snapshot
QuAC: Question Answering in Context
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-1253openalex-snapshot
Addressing Semantic Drift in Question Generation for Semi-Supervised Question Answering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5817openalex-snapshot
Evaluating Question Answering Evaluation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-2090openalex-snapshot
Leveraging Context Information for Natural Question Generation
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Sequential Matching Network: A New Architecture for Multi-turn Response Selection in Retrieval-Based Chatbots
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Towards an Automatic Turing Test: Learning to Evaluate Dialogue Responses
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-3003openalex-snapshot
Learning-based Composite Metrics for Improved Caption Evaluation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1264openalex-snapshot
Sentence Mover’s Similarity: Automatic Evaluation for Multi-Sentence Texts
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-3049openalex-snapshot
chrF: character n-gram F-score for automatic MT evaluation
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Blend: a Novel Combined MT Metric Based on Direct Assessment — CASICT-DCU submission to WMT17 Metrics Task
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6456openalex-snapshot
RUSE: Regressor Using Sentence Embeddings for Automatic Machine Translation Evaluation
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Best practices for the human evaluation of automatically generated text
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Evaluating the Evaluators: Subjective Bias and Consistency in Human Evaluation of Natural Language Generation
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A Pilot Study of Biomedical Text Comprehension using an Attention-Based Deep Neural Reader: Design and Experimental Analysis
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Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
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Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3115/1073445.1073465openalex-snapshot
Automatic evaluation of summaries using N-gram co-occurrence statistics
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3115/1219840.1219866openalex-snapshot
Experiments with interactive question-answering
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/p15-2073openalex-snapshot
deltaBLEU: A Discriminative Metric for Generation Tasks with Intrinsically Diverse Targets
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3354openalex-snapshot
BEER: BEtter Evaluation as Ranking
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-140134openalex-snapshot
DBpedia – A large-scale, multilingual knowledge base extracted from Wikipedia
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Deep Feature Fusion Model for Sentence Semantic Matching
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An Introductory Review of Deep Learning for Prediction Models With Big Data
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Survey of the state of the art in natural language generation

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Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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Development of Uzbek Question-Answering Models through Fine-Tuning Approaches
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Systematic Literature Review on Ontology-based Indonesian Question Answering System
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Question–Answer Models for Teaching Programming in Kazakh: A Morphology-Aware Controlled Study
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