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Framing Inequity Safely: Whites' Motivated Perceptions of Racial Privilege

https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167207303016
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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Health Care Disparities
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Self-categorisation, commitment to the group and group self-esteem as related but distinct aspects of social identity
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A review of domestic violence arrest statistics in a police department using a pro-arrest policy: Are pro-arrest policies enough?
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Journal of personality and social psychology
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How believing in affirmative action quotas protects White men’s self-esteem
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Self-Evaluation: To Thine Own Self Be Good, To Thine Own Self Be Sure, To Thine Own Self Be True, and To Thine Own Self be Better
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The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self
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Toward an Integration of Cognitive and Motivational Perspectives on Social Inference: A Biased Hypothesis-Testing Model
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The Camouflage Effect: Separating Achieved Status and Unearned Privilege in Organizations
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“Poisoning the Consciences of the Fortunate”: The Experience of Relative Advantage and Support for Social Equality
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Affirmative Action Is Dead; Long Live Affirmative Action
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The fleeting gleam of praise: Cognitive processes underlying behavioral reactions to self-relevant feedback.
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Self-handicapping: The role of discounting and augmentation in the preservation of self-esteem.
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The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history.
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A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance.
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Skirting the competence issue: Effects of sex-based preferential selection on task choices of women and men.
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Attitudes and beliefs about affirmative action: Effects of target and of respondent sex and ethnicity.
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Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others.
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Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity: A preliminary investigation of reliability and constuct validity.
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The self-serving bias in relational context.
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Justice-based opposition to social policies: Is it genuine?
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Is There an "I" in "Team"? The Role of the Self in Group-Serving Judgments.
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White Selves: Conceptualizing and Measuring a Dominant-Group Identity.
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Concern for the in-group and opposition to affirmative action.
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Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.
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An Organizing Framework for Collective Identity: Articulation and Significance of Multidimensionality.
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When one cause casts doubt on another: A normative analysis of discounting in causal attribution.
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Self-Threat Magnifies the Self-Serving Bias: A Meta-Analytic Integration
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Manual.
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Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality: Fact or fiction?
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Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
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Aversive Racism and Resistance to Affirmative Action: Perception of Justice Are Not Necessarily Color Blind
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Affirmative Action in Theory and Practice: issues of Power, Ambiguity, and Gender Versus Race
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A Three-Factor Model of Social Identity
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Social Science Quarterly
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On the Nature of Contemporary Prejudice: The Third Wave
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Properties of gender identity and their implications for gender consciousness
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Thinking about one's gender group's privileges or disadvantages: Consequences for well‐being in women and men
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/002200278102500401openalex-snapshot
Has Racism Declined in America?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/002205749217400311openalex-snapshot
Savage Inequalities: Children in Americas Schools
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672002611003openalex-snapshot
Do Messages about Health Risks Threaten the Self? Increasing the Acceptance of Threatening Health Messages Via Self-Affirmation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202238377openalex-snapshot
White Guilt and Racial Compensation: The Benefits and Limits of Self-Focus
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271713openalex-snapshot
Inequality as Ingroup Privilege or Outgroup Disadvantage: The Impact of Group Focus on Collective Guilt and Interracial Attitudes
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167299025004008openalex-snapshot
White Guilt: Its Antecedents and Consequences for Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828042002561openalex-snapshot
Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520938755openalex-snapshot
Whitewashing Race
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2072281openalex-snapshot
Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior, Vol. 2.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2074502openalex-snapshot
American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2076291openalex-snapshot
Savage Inequalities: Children in America's Schools.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2096070openalex-snapshot
Opposition to Race-Targeting: Self-Interest, Stratification Ideology, or Racial Attitudes?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/257055openalex-snapshot
THE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION STIGMA OF INCOMPETENCE: EFFECTS OF PERFORMANCE INFORMATION AMBIGUITY.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2579960openalex-snapshot
American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2967270openalex-snapshot
Black Wealth, White Wealth: A New Perspective on Racial Inequality.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3386/w9873openalex-snapshot
Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.36019/9780813547039openalex-snapshot
Race in the Schoolyard
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351133791-3openalex-snapshot
White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences Through Work in Women’s Studies (1988) 1
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410606266openalex-snapshot
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-3352openalex-snapshot
Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.36-2457openalex-snapshot
The possessive investment in whiteness: how white people profit from identity politics
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.40-1238openalex-snapshot
The anatomy of racial inequality
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.40-5843openalex-snapshot
Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.41-1696openalex-snapshot
Race in the schoolyard: negotiating the color line in classrooms and communities
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.41-4987openalex-snapshot
Whitewashing race: the myth of a color-blind society
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-2512openalex-snapshot
Affirmative action is dead: long live affirmative action

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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The Effect of Group Attitude Diversity and Attitude Strength on Subsequent Cooperation
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Racial Transition
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Antiracism Inc.
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Attitudes in Social Behavior
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Whiteness in Higher Education: The Invisible Missing Link in Diversity and Racial Analyses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2675openalex-snapshot
What they think of us: Meta‐beliefs and solidarity‐based collective action among the advantaged
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2697openalex-snapshot
An integrative framework on the impact of allies: How identity‐based needs influence intergroup solidarity and social movements
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2799openalex-snapshot
“The liberation of LGBTQ+ will also liberate heterosexuals”: Heterosexual feminist women's participation in solidarity‐based collective action for LGBTQ+ rights
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-27222-5_2openalex-snapshot
The Social Context of Racism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_236openalex-snapshot
Privilege
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-93768-2_2openalex-snapshot
Reparations and the Problem of Whiteness
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36611-7_2openalex-snapshot
Wie kann man rassistische Verhaltensweisen erklären?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40709-4_2openalex-snapshot
How Can Racist Behavior be Explained?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-024-00844-3openalex-snapshot
A collective action approach to improving attitudes and self-efficacy towards gender equality among male STEM academics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-017-9422-8openalex-snapshot
Do White In-group Processes Matter, Too? White Racial Identity and Support for Black Political Candidates
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-022-09786-2openalex-snapshot
Whites’ Racial Resentment and Perceived Relative Discrimination Interactively Predict Participation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-010-0112-5openalex-snapshot
Group-Based Dominance and Opposition to Equality Correspond to Different Psychological Motives
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-011-1748-zopenalex-snapshot
Addressing Racial Healthcare Disparities: How Can We Shift the Focus from Patients to Providers?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04671-5openalex-snapshot
Effects of a white privilege framing and a test of moderators
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-021-00055-9openalex-snapshot
Group-Based Emotions and Support for Reparations: A Meta-analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2017.10.002openalex-snapshot
Unpacking the Inequality Paradox: The Psychological Roots of Inequality and Social Class
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The needs-based model of reconciliation: How identity restoration processes can contribute to more harmonious and equal social relations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.024openalex-snapshot
Perceived Discrimination and Privilege in Health Care: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Race
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102714openalex-snapshot
Climate Privilege: Defensive disbelief in climate change science
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2007.11.002openalex-snapshot
The two faces of dominance: The differential effect of ingroup superiority and outgroup inferiority on dominant-group identity and group esteem
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.07.011openalex-snapshot
Defining racism safely: The role of self-image maintenance on white Americans’ conceptions of racism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.09.010openalex-snapshot
Taking from those that have more and giving to those that have less: How inequity frames affect corrections for inequity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.12.024openalex-snapshot
Thou shalt not discriminate: How emphasizing moral ideals rather than obligations increases Whites' support for social equality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.10.008openalex-snapshot
You can win but I can't lose: Bias against high-status groups increases their zero-sum beliefs about discrimination
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.06.008openalex-snapshot
The hard-knock life? Whites claim hardships in response to racial inequity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.11.007openalex-snapshot
But it's my right! Framing effects on support for empowering policies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.03.002openalex-snapshot
Framing advantageous inequity with a focus on others: A catalyst for equity restoration
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104348openalex-snapshot
Equating silence with violence: When White Americans feel threatened by anti-racist messages
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104487openalex-snapshot
Sociocultural engagement in a colorblind racism framework moderates perceptions of cultural appropriation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104545openalex-snapshot
"It's not an overreaction": Increasing White people's acceptance of the reality of bias and receptivity to Black people's bias concerns
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104974openalex-snapshot
The subjectivity of objectivity: The effects of positionality statements on objectivity perceptions of psychological research
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.05.001openalex-snapshot
How believing in affirmative action quotas protects White men’s self-esteem
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2021.104114openalex-snapshot
Self-views of disadvantage and success impact perceptions of privilege among White men
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2024.104332openalex-snapshot
Garnering support for social justice: When and why is “yes” likelier for “allies” versus “disadvantaged group advocates”?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110625openalex-snapshot
“I can't breathe”: Lay conceptualizations of racism predict support for Black Lives Matter
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.09.005openalex-snapshot
Mindfulness practice: A promising approach to reducing the effects of clinician implicit bias on patients
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.08.030openalex-snapshot
Communicating with providers about racial healthcare disparities: The role of providers’ prior beliefs on their receptivity to different narrative frames
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2022.100180openalex-snapshot
Help (Un)wanted: Why the most powerful allies are the most likely to stumble — and when they fulfill their potential
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.12.007openalex-snapshot
Is perceived racial privilege associated with health? Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157openalex-snapshot
White Identity Politics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.001openalex-snapshot
The New American Minority
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.002openalex-snapshot
Making the Invisible Visible
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.003openalex-snapshot
The Measurement and Meaning of Group Ties
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.004openalex-snapshot
Who Identifies as White?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.005openalex-snapshot
The Content and Contours of Whiteness
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.006openalex-snapshot
The Preservation of Whiteness
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.007openalex-snapshot
Policies that Protect the Group
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.008openalex-snapshot
A Black Man in the White House
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.009openalex-snapshot
The Future of White America
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.010openalex-snapshot
Appendix
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.011openalex-snapshot
Notes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.012openalex-snapshot
References
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645157.013openalex-snapshot
Index
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108953757openalex-snapshot
Racial Order, Racialized Responses: Interminority Politics in a Diverse Nation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2015.136openalex-snapshot
I-O at a Crossroad: The Value of an Intersectional Research Approach
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/rep.2020.37openalex-snapshot
(Mis)Calculations, Psychological Mechanisms, and the Future Politics of People of Color
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592717004285openalex-snapshot
Racial Identity and Voting: Conceptualizing White Identity in Spatial Terms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592719001427openalex-snapshot
The Role of Whiteness in the 2016 Presidential Primaries
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000314openalex-snapshot
Racial Prejudice Predicts Less Desire to Learn About White Privilege
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0017926openalex-snapshot
When inequality matters: The effect of inequality frames on academic engagement.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0019723openalex-snapshot
Which racial groups are associated with diversity?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0024598openalex-snapshot
Paying for positive group esteem: How inequity frames affect whites' responses to redistributive policies.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0025433openalex-snapshot
Understanding what students bring to the classroom: Moderators of the effects of diversity courses on student attitudes.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0026481openalex-snapshot
Coalition or derogation? How perceived discrimination influences intraminority intergroup relations.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0029790openalex-snapshot
Perspective-taking and empathy: Generalizing the reduction of group bias towards Asian Americans to general outgroups.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000446openalex-snapshot
On melting pots and salad bowls: A meta-analysis of the effects of identity-blind and identity-conscious diversity ideologies.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000102openalex-snapshot
Framing and source effects on White college students’ reactions to racial inequity information.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000060openalex-snapshot
Who wants to get to the top? Class and lay theories about power.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000182openalex-snapshot
Drawing the diversity line: Numerical thresholds of diversity vary by group status.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000240openalex-snapshot
I ain’t no fortunate one: On the motivated denial of class privilege.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000365openalex-snapshot
Need satisfaction in intergroup contact: A multinational study of pathways toward social change.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000372openalex-snapshot
Majority members misperceive even “win-win” diversity policies as unbeneficial to them.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000097openalex-snapshot
Hierarchy in the eye of the beholder: (Anti-)egalitarianism shapes perceived levels of social inequality.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000118openalex-snapshot
The implicit power motive in intergroup dialogues about the history of slavery.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000118openalex-snapshot
The impact of trainees’ interracial anxiety on White privilege remorse: Motivation to control bias as a moderator.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-026-00541-6openalex-snapshot
The culture-to-cognition transmission of inequality and the psychological necessity of consciousness-raising
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51018-1_7openalex-snapshot
Critical Race Studies in Psychology
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707719114openalex-snapshot
Americans misperceive racial economic equality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110712119openalex-snapshot
Chronic frames of social inequality: How mainstream media frame race, gender, and wealth inequality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/01973530802502309openalex-snapshot
Teaching About Racism: Pernicious Implications of the Standard Portrayal
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2020.1811092openalex-snapshot
Is Affirmation the Cure? Self-Affirmation and European-Americans’ Perception of Systemic Racism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2014.901574openalex-snapshot
“But I’m oppressed too”: white male college students framing racial emotions as facts and recreating racism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2026.2642074openalex-snapshot
The invisibility of inequality: men’s perspectives of gender issues in the workplace
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2016.1237913openalex-snapshot
Privilege as Privileging: Making the Dynamic and Complex Nature of Privilege and Marginalization Accessible
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2010.483245openalex-snapshot
Understanding White Identity Politics Will Be Crucial to Diversity Science
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2021.1971443openalex-snapshot
Experts Are People, Too: Attitudes and Cognition Impact Experts’ Progress Toward Racial Equality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2012.725040openalex-snapshot
Exposing whiteness in higher education: white male college students minimizing racism, claiming victimization, and recreating white supremacy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2021.1996610openalex-snapshot
Resisting Privilege: Effects of a White Privilege Message Intervention and Conservative Media Use on Freedom Threat and Racial Attitudes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2010.542015openalex-snapshot
Meritocracy, Self-Concerns, and Whites' Denial of Racial Inequity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.556804openalex-snapshot
Identity Form Matters: White Racial Identity and Attitudes Toward Diversity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2023.2176314openalex-snapshot
Diversity and Disconnection: Does an Online Setting Affect Student’s Understanding of Privilege, Oppression, and White Guilt?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1615965openalex-snapshot
White identity politics: linked fate and political participation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/23793406.2016.1162193openalex-snapshot
‘Your focus on race is narrow and exclusive:’ the derailment of anti-racist work through discourses of intersectionality and diversity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1086/597175openalex-snapshot
Cracking the Glass Cages? Restructuring and Ascriptive Inequality at Work
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1086/655807openalex-snapshot
Got to Get You into My Life: Do Brand Personalities Rub Off on Consumers?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1086/700045openalex-snapshot
Charles Mills’s Liberal Redemption Song
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqy011openalex-snapshot
Solidarity Effects in Social Movement Messaging: How Cueing Dominant Group Identity Can Increase Movement Support
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmac032openalex-snapshot
Retweet for justice? Social media message amplification and Black Lives Matter allyship
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197541296.013.22openalex-snapshot
Group-Based Hierarchies of Power and Status
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.019openalex-snapshot
Framing Inequality in Public Policy Discourse
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-64802-826-720251005openalex-snapshot
What we (Don’t) talk About When we talk About Diversity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83797-492-420241007openalex-snapshot
White Racial Consciousness
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2019-0535openalex-snapshot
White and minority employee reactions to perceived discrimination at work: evidence of White fragility?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/jcm-10-2022-5666openalex-snapshot
We are in this together! The role of common fate in prosocial behavior
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1108/s1534-0856(2010)0000013010openalex-snapshot
Chapter 7 To be fair or to be dominant: The effect of inequality frames on dominant group members’ responses to inequity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12293openalex-snapshot
Dual pandemics of COVID‐19 and systemic racism: The roles of perceptions of inequities, civic values, and conservatism in mask‐wearing behavior
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12390openalex-snapshot
Predictors of White parents' racial socialization: Links to attributions for racial inequalities and views of White privilege
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12428openalex-snapshot
Attitudes on affirmative action targeted to help Black and Hispanic individuals: The roles of knowledge, race, and perceived discrimination
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12202openalex-snapshot
Is higher inequality less legitimate? Depends on How You Frame it!
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12872openalex-snapshot
Past‐future asymmetry in identity‐relevant perception of racism and inequality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.70077openalex-snapshot
‘A learning process that never ends’: How advantaged social justice activists negotiate privilege and activism within their identity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2011.01732.xopenalex-snapshot
Systems of Privilege: Intersections, Awareness, and Applications
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00646.xopenalex-snapshot
The Impact of Race‐Based Performance Differences on Perceptions of Test Legitimacy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.2010.02009.xopenalex-snapshot
Accounting for group differences in appraisals of social inequality: Differential injustice standards
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12311openalex-snapshot
Antiegalitarians for affirmative action? When social dominance orientation is positively related to support for egalitarian social policies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12482openalex-snapshot
Context matters: Explicit and implicit reminders of ingroup privilege increase collective guilt among foreigners in a developing country
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12731openalex-snapshot
Witnessing racial discrimination shapes collective action for racial justice: Enhancing awareness of privilege among advantaged groups
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12902openalex-snapshot
Definitional boundaries of discrimination: Tools for deciding what constitutes discrimination (and what doesn't)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12507openalex-snapshot
Inequality in researchers’ minds: Four guiding questions for studying subjective perceptions of economic inequality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12224openalex-snapshot
Disability Models Affect Disability Policy Support through Awareness of Structural Discrimination
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12601openalex-snapshot
Ignorance of critical race theory predicts White Americans’ opposition to it
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12611openalex-snapshot
Critical race theory and COVID‐19 vaccination: An experimental test of interest convergence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12083openalex-snapshot
When Accomplishments Come Back to Haunt You: The Negative Effect of Competence Signals on Women's Performance Evaluations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12342openalex-snapshot
Polarized Opinions on Racial Progress and Inequality: Measurement and Application to Affirmative Action Preferences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12593openalex-snapshot
Intersectional Consciousness in Collective Victim Beliefs: Perceived Intragroup Differences Among Disadvantaged Groups
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12063openalex-snapshot
Belief in a Just World and Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12448openalex-snapshot
Having it both ways: White denial of racial salience while claiming oppression
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12068openalex-snapshot
Toward a Critical Race Psychology
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12181openalex-snapshot
Group‐based Differences in Perceptions of Racism: What Counts, to Whom, and Why?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12720openalex-snapshot
Racial equity in social psychological science: A guide for scholars, institutions, and the field
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1155/adph/7561003openalex-snapshot
A Scoping Review to Conceptualize Social Privilege for Studying Patients’ Health Outcomes and Health Disparities
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0007650317698941openalex-snapshot
Mobilizing the Wealthy: Doing “Privilege Work” and Challenging the Roots of Inequality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241265316openalex-snapshot
The Effects of Morally Reframed Messages on White Individuals’ Attitudes Toward White Privilege
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0098628316662758openalex-snapshot
C’est La Vie! The Game of Social Life
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210370031openalex-snapshot
Motivated Shifting of Justice Standards
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214524993openalex-snapshot
More Diverse Yet Less Tolerant? How the Increasingly Diverse Racial Landscape Affects White Americans’ Racial Attitudes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215588755openalex-snapshot
Power Heightens Sensitivity to Unfairness Against the Self
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215611637openalex-snapshot
Taking Race Off the Table
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0146167219880186openalex-snapshot
Intergroup Inequality Heightens Reports of Discrimination Along Alternative Identity Dimensions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221086380openalex-snapshot
Support for Social Change Among Members of Advantaged Groups: The Role of a Dual Identity Representation and Accepting Intergroup Contact
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/01461672231216769openalex-snapshot
Defend, Deny, Distance, and Dismantle: A New Measure of Advantaged Identity Management
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241265779openalex-snapshot
Talking About Privilege: Framing Inequality as Advantage Is More Likely for Inequality in Positive Than in Negative Outcomes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241312269openalex-snapshot
Evidence for a Curvilinear Effect of Psychological Discomfort on Dominant Group Members’ Engagement in Allyship
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/01605976221120536openalex-snapshot
Understanding the Rise of Anti-Political Correctness Sentiment: The Curious Role of Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/016146811912100103openalex-snapshot
Race-Evasive White Teacher Identity Studies 1990–2015: What Can We Learn from 25 Years of Research?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0261927x20932631openalex-snapshot
One Group’s Advantage or Another Group’s Disadvantage? How Comparative Framing Shapes Explanations of, and Reactions to, Workplace Gender Inequality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0361684318800264openalex-snapshot
In Good Company: When Gender Diversity Boosts a Company’s Reputation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0730888421997518openalex-snapshot
The Organizational Context of Supervisory Bullying: Diversity/Equity and Work-Family Policies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611426727openalex-snapshot
Diversity Is What You Want It to Be
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612473608openalex-snapshot
Perceiving Social Inequity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0963721418763931openalex-snapshot
The Numbers Don’t Speak for Themselves: Racial Disparities and the Persistence of Inequality in the Criminal Justice System
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/10888683241305662openalex-snapshot
When Social Hierarchy, Power, and Collective Autonomy Motivate Social Movement and Counter-Movement Mobilization Among Disadvantaged and Advantaged Groups
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1368430209338716openalex-snapshot
The Space between Us and Them: Perceptions of Status Differences
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1368430209343296openalex-snapshot
Something to gain or something to lose? Affirmative action and regulatory focus emotions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1368430220934856openalex-snapshot
Promoting reconciliation in separatist conflict: The effect of morality framing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13684302211018741openalex-snapshot
Not all inequalities are created equal: Inequality framing and privilege threat for advantaged groups
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13684302211040107openalex-snapshot
Race, politics, and perceptions of anti-Black and anti-White discrimination over time
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13684302211048893openalex-snapshot
The effects of racial status threat on White Americans’ support for Donald Trump: Results of five experimental tests
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13684302241240688openalex-snapshot
Harnessing the many facets of White identity to reduce feelings of threat and improve intergroup relations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13684302241309576openalex-snapshot
Perceptions of racism in voter suppression: Testing the Marley hypothesis and a brief educational intervention
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13684302251357864openalex-snapshot
White power on trial: Perceptions of antiracism organizations focusing on power versus discrimination
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611406922openalex-snapshot
Whites See Racism as a Zero-Sum Game That They Are Now Losing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614554658openalex-snapshot
Deny, Distance, or Dismantle? How White Americans Manage a Privileged Identity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619863049openalex-snapshot
The Misperception of Racial Economic Inequality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620958003openalex-snapshot
Asymmetries in Mutual Understanding: People With Low Status, Power, and Self-Esteem Understand Better Than They Are Understood
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620979820openalex-snapshot
Psychological Science Is Not Race Neutral
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/18344909261475722openalex-snapshot
Differences in Causal Attributions and Emotional Responses Across Income and Wealth Inequality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1948550612438924openalex-snapshot
At the Heart of Egalitarianism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/1948550616633505openalex-snapshot
Protecting Whiteness
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/2372732220984183openalex-snapshot
Racial Inequality in Academia: Systemic Origins, Modern Challenges, and Policy Recommendations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/237946151500100208openalex-snapshot
Blinding prosecutors to defendants’ race: A policy proposal to reduce unconscious bias in the criminal justice system
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12794/metadc2137350openalex-snapshot
This is What Democracy Looks Like: Racial Identity, Anger, and the Political Behavior of White Women
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.12795/tpdm.2022.i5.08openalex-snapshot
El problema de la discriminación inversa: ¿es posible discriminar a quienes pertenecen a los grupos sociales dominantes?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1348/014466607x270287openalex-snapshot
Shifting ground: The variable use of essentialism in contexts of inclusion and exclusion
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1353/bsp.2015.0013openalex-snapshot
Blinding prosecutors to defendants’ race: A policy proposal to reduce unconscious bias in the criminal justice system
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067110openalex-snapshot
Race, Ideology, and the Tea Party: A Longitudinal Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267048openalex-snapshot
How the term “white privilege” affects participation, polarization, and content in online communication
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1525/nrbp.2020.1.2.251openalex-snapshot
Perceptions of Racial Progress and Mistreatment Today
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.15781/t2rv0d554openalex-snapshot
Improving Campus Climate: The Role of Social Justice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--19504openalex-snapshot
Engaging Male Faculty in Institutional Transformation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.18260/p.24242openalex-snapshot
Implementation of Advocates and Allies Programs to Support and Promote Gender Equity in Academia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2014.080204openalex-snapshot
A Sense of Belonging: How Student Feelings Correlate with Learning about Race
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2015.29.4.007openalex-snapshot
The Effect of Inequality Frames on Academic Engagement of the Migrated North Korean Adolescents
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2084709openalex-snapshot
Appeasement: Pro-Hierarchy Dominant Group Members’ Strategic Support for Affirmative Action
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.2307/jj.4256584.5openalex-snapshot
WHITE IDENTITY POLITICS
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.25100/peu.858.cap12openalex-snapshot
De cómo leer la metáfora sin matar la mariposa. Análisis multimodal de discurso en un libro-álbum
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.25100/peu.858.cap5openalex-snapshot
Investigar la percepción de la desigualdad económica en psicología y ciencias sociales: consideraciones para la construcción de una agenda de investigación
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/cv8myopenalex-snapshot
The Needs-based Model of Reconciliation: How Identity Restoration Processes Can Contribute to More Harmonious and Equal Social Relations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/f9mwvopenalex-snapshot
Needs satisfaction in intergroup contact: A multi-national study of pathways toward social change
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gvjkcopenalex-snapshot
Reminders of ingroup privilege often threaten identity but rarely change beliefs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/pu5gvopenalex-snapshot
Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Construals of Structural Racism and Attitudes toward Critical Race Theory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/s52bzopenalex-snapshot
White racial identity, political attitudes, and selective exposure to information about racism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/trc8dopenalex-snapshot
Intergroup inequality heightens reports of discrimination along alternative identity dimensions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31237/osf.io/k4bhfopenalex-snapshot
The effect of status framing on student interest and recall regarding minority figures
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31828/tpd1300443320200905x000039openalex-snapshot
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