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The Fallacy of Formative Measurement

https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428110378369
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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Structural Equations with Latent Variables
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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SETS OF CONGENERIC TESTS*
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Principal Components Analysis
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Multiple indicators: Internal consistency or no necessary relationship?
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Statistical Analysis of Sets of Congeneric Tests
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Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
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Model building and parameter estimation as means for intelligent measurement
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.009openalex-snapshot
Advancing formative measurement models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.010openalex-snapshot
Questions about formative measurement
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.011openalex-snapshot
Proportional structural effects of formative indicators
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2009.09.003openalex-snapshot
Structural equations modeling: Fit Indices, sample size, and advanced topics
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Multidimensional constructs in structural equation analysis: An illustration using the job perception and job satisfaction constructs
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The C-OAR-SE procedure for scale development in marketing
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s1479-8387(06)03008-6openalex-snapshot
The Role of Formative Measurement Models in Strategic Management Research: Review, Critique, and Implications for Future Research
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Measuring the Mind
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Factor analysis, causal indicators and quality of life
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A cautionary note on measurement error corrections in structural equation models.
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Validity of psychological assessment: Validation of inferences from persons' responses and performances as scientific inquiry into score meaning.
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Complementary and Supplementary Fit: A Theoretical and Empirical Integration.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.710openalex-snapshot
The Problem of Measurement Model Misspecification in Behavioral and Organizational Research and Some Recommended Solutions.
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Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.
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Conventional wisdom on measurement: A structural equation perspective.
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The use of causal indicators in covariance structure models: Some practical issues.
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Constructs and their vicissitudes in educational and psychological measurement.
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The theoretical status of latent variables.
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The Concept of Validity.
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Review of Psychometric theory (2nd ed.).
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Reconsidering formative measurement.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.12.2.219openalex-snapshot
Interpretational confounding is due to misspecification, not to type of indicator: Comment on Howell, Breivik, and Wilcox (2007).
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.12.2.229openalex-snapshot
On the meaning of formative measurement and how it differs from reflective measurement: Comment on Howell, Breivik, and Wilcox (2007).
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.12.2.238openalex-snapshot
Is formative measurement really measurement? Reply to Bollen (2007) and Bagozzi (2007).
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.12.4.381openalex-snapshot
The insidious effects of failing to include design-driven correlated residuals in latent-variable covariance structure analysis.
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A tetrad test for causal indicators.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.5.2.155openalex-snapshot
On the nature and direction of relationships between constructs and measures.
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Construct validity in psychological tests.
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Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
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Recommendations for APA test standards regarding construct, trait, or discriminant validity.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-9884.2003.t01-2-00383_4.xopenalex-snapshot
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903008253openalex-snapshot
Causal Indicator Models: Identification, Estimation, and Testing
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1080/15366360802035497openalex-snapshot
Latent Variable Theory
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1086/208993openalex-snapshot
On the Meaning of within-Factor Correlated Measurement Errors
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Theory, Deduction, and Rules of Correspondence
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A Critical Review of Construct Indicators and Measurement Model Misspecification in Marketing and Consumer Research
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Person-Environment Fit Theory: Conceptual Foundations, Empirical and Directions Future Research
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Great Minds in Management
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480510612558openalex-snapshot
Organizational Behavior: The State of the Science (2nd ed.)
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/17465660610667775openalex-snapshot
The error term in formative measurement models: interpretation and modeling implications
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1108/17465680610706346openalex-snapshot
Great Minds in Management: The Process of Theory Development
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00500.xopenalex-snapshot
Formative Versus Reflective Indicators in Organizational Measure Development: A Comparison and Empirical Illustration
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JOB SATISFACTION: ARE ALL THE PARTS THERE?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164497057005004openalex-snapshot
Correcting for Measurement Error Attenuation in Structural Equation Models: Some Important Reminders
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678103400603openalex-snapshot
Overall Job Satisfaction: Is It a Linear Function of Facet Satisfaction?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378201900406openalex-snapshot
Two Structural Equation Models: LISREL and PLS Applied to Consumer Exit-Voice Theory
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/004912417200100201openalex-snapshot
Employing Nominal Variables, Induced Variables, and Block Variables in Path Analyses
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/004912417600500101openalex-snapshot
Interpretational Confounding of Unobserved Variables in Structural Equation Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124193021004001openalex-snapshot
The FC1 Rule of Identification for Confirmatory Factor Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124195023004002openalex-snapshot
A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Identification of Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models of Factor Complexity One
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/014662168901300402openalex-snapshot
Confirmatory Factor Analyses of Multitrait-Multimethod Data: Many Problems and a Few Solutions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/014662169001400207openalex-snapshot
Problems in the Measurement of Latent Variables in Structural Equations Causal Models
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810142004openalex-snapshot
Multidimensional Constructs in Organizational Behavior Research: An Integrative Analytical Framework
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.38.2.269.18845openalex-snapshot
Index Construction with Formative Indicators: An Alternative to Scale Development
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.15353/cgjsc.v1i1.3787openalex-snapshot
Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/1162101openalex-snapshot
Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/1317544openalex-snapshot
Survey Questions: Handcrafting the Standardized Questionnaire
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Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2072165openalex-snapshot
Structural Equations with Latent Variables.
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Methodology in Social Research.
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Modern Factor Analysis.
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Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
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Research in Organizational Behavior.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2393788openalex-snapshot
What Theory is Not
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/2667119openalex-snapshot
Book Reviews
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/270785openalex-snapshot
Validity, Invalidity, and Reliability
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/270819openalex-snapshot
The Treatment of Unobservable Variables in Path Analysis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2307/3151718openalex-snapshot
Two Structural Equation Models: LISREL and PLS Applied to Consumer Exit-Voice Theory
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.117.3.i-xiopenalex-snapshot
Psychological Reports
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Objective Tests as Instruments of Psychological Theory
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412983778openalex-snapshot
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
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Factor Analysis
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Principal Components Analysis
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Survey Questions
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RADICAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
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Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
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What Constitutes a Theoretical Contribution?
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Organizational Theories: Some Criteria for Evaluation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.1255636openalex-snapshot
Toward A Taxonomy of Multidimensional Constructs

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Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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Lee, Cadogan, and Chamberlain: an excellent point . . . But what about that iceberg?
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MIMIC models and formative measurement: some thoughts on Lee, Cadogan & Chamberlain
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-013-0036-yopenalex-snapshot
Conceptual clarity in measurement—Constructs, composites, and causes: a commentary on Lee, Cadogan and Chamberlain
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-013-0050-0openalex-snapshot
MIMIC models, formative indicators and the joys of research
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-013-0058-5openalex-snapshot
Material and efficient cause interpretations of the formative model: resolving misunderstandings and clarifying conceptual language
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13520-024-00207-7openalex-snapshot
Does thinking about making money help people save money? Behavioral economics—monetary wisdom across genders: Ardent love of money aspirations and $1 million resource allocation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s41471-025-00219-4openalex-snapshot
Mining Consumer Mindset Metrics With User-Generated Content
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42844-022-00057-xopenalex-snapshot
Mitigating the Relation Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Perceived Stress: The Role of Resilience
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-15453-9.00001-2openalex-snapshot
Falling or not falling into temptation? Multiple faces of temptation, monetary wisdom, and unethical intentions across genders
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-15453-9.00005-xopenalex-snapshot
Youth materialism and consumer ethics: Gen Z adolescents’ self-concepts (power and self-esteem) as dual mediators and culture (China vs. France) as a moderator
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-15453-9.00008-5openalex-snapshot
Temptation, monetary wisdom (the love of money attitudes), and environmental context on unethical intentions and cheating
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-15453-9.00010-3openalex-snapshot
Theory of monetary wisdom: Money attitudes predict religious values, making money, making ethical decisions, and making the grade—Academic achievement
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-15453-9.00012-7openalex-snapshot
Behavioral economics and Monetary Wisdom across 32 cultures: Good apples enjoy a good quality of life in good barrels
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-15453-9.00015-2openalex-snapshot
Money is power: The love of money and materialism among Czech university students
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2017.04.161openalex-snapshot
Methods to Assess Adverse Childhood Experiences of Children and Families: Toward Approaches to Promote Child Well-being in Policy and Practice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.03.023openalex-snapshot
Towards a Better Measure of Brain Injury Outcome: New Measures or a New Metric?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106455openalex-snapshot
Understanding continuance intention among MOOC participants: The role of habit and MOOC performance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100485openalex-snapshot
Technostress or reaction to techno-stressors? Validation of bilingual techno-stressors index (TSI-II) and a second-order formative model of techno-distress among Canadian legal professionals
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2016.05.006openalex-snapshot
Choosing PLS path modeling as analytical method in European management research: A realist perspective
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.10.006openalex-snapshot
Ahead of the game: Antecedents for the success of shared service centers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2025.04.002openalex-snapshot
Time banditry behavior in China: Dimension exploration and scale development
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2025.101016openalex-snapshot
Beyond hype: Is ChatGPT-generated content effective in class preparation among academic instructors?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.12.012openalex-snapshot
Measuring creolization in IT outsourcing: Instrument development and validation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102453openalex-snapshot
The influence of cultural values on Enterprise System adoption, towards a culture – Enterprise System alignment theory
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2023.102544openalex-snapshot
Resilience science: Theoretical and methodological directions from the juncture of resilience and projects
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2016.02.006openalex-snapshot
The impact of legitimacy-based motives on IS adoption success: An institutional theory perspective
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2013.02.004openalex-snapshot
Investigating measurement scales and aggregation methods in SPICE assessment method
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2019.03.004openalex-snapshot
A Comparison of Formative versus Reflective Approaches for the Measurement of Electronic Service Quality
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.016openalex-snapshot
The measurement of war-related trauma amongst internally displaced men and women in South Sudan: Psychometric analysis of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.08.001openalex-snapshot
Formative vs. reflective measures: Facets of variation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.08.004openalex-snapshot
Problems with formative and higher-order reflective variables
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.08.011openalex-snapshot
Are we overconfident in executive overconfidence research? An examination of the convergent and content validity of extant unobtrusive measures
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.007openalex-snapshot
Auxiliary theories as translation mechanisms for measurement model specification
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.01.012openalex-snapshot
Organizational performance as a set of four dimensions: An empirical analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.069openalex-snapshot
Modeling the effects of place heritage and place experience on residents’ behavioral intentions toward a city: A mediation analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113810openalex-snapshot
The Dunning-Kruger effect and entrepreneurial self-efficacy: How tenure and search distance jointly direct entrepreneurial self-efficacy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114256openalex-snapshot
The effect of local institutions on the competitive strategies of exporters. The case of emerging economies in Latin America
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115808openalex-snapshot
Customer delight in AI-driven services
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.003openalex-snapshot
Measuring entrepreneurial passion: Conceptual foundations and scale validation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.05.004openalex-snapshot
Self-employment and allostatic load
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.105969openalex-snapshot
The frugal entrepreneur: A self-regulatory perspective of resourceful entrepreneurial behavior
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.106041openalex-snapshot
Entrepreneurial fear of failure: Scale development and validation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2021.106130openalex-snapshot
Venture Idea Assessment (VIA): Development of a needed concept, measure, and research agenda
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00294openalex-snapshot
Psychological well-being of hybrid entrepreneurs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.07.007openalex-snapshot
Handling the reflective-formative measurement conundrum: a practical illustration based on sustainable employability
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100686openalex-snapshot
Does self-congruity or functional congruity better predict destination attachment? A higher-order structural model
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.05.010openalex-snapshot
The impact of COVID-19 on turnover intention among hotel employees: A moderated mediation model
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2016.05.002openalex-snapshot
Partial least squares path modeling: Time for some serious second thoughts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.09.014openalex-snapshot
Flagship stores for FMCG national brands: Do they improve brand cognitions and create favorable consumer reactions?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.014openalex-snapshot
Online second-hand shopping motivation – Conceptualization, scale development, and validation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.10.003openalex-snapshot
Weighted composites of personality facets: An examination of unit, rational, and mechanical weights
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2012.10.005openalex-snapshot
Explaining the adoption of grid computing: An integrated institutional theory and organizational capability approach
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Experiences of adolescent witnesses to peer victimization: The bystander effect
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.03.008openalex-snapshot
Core work evaluation: The viability of a higher-order work attitude construct
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.005openalex-snapshot
Micro-breaks matter: A diary study on the effects of energy management strategies on occupational well-being
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.08.007openalex-snapshot
Person-environment fit is a formative construct
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2014.10.009openalex-snapshot
Global sustainability pressures and strategic choice: The role of firms’ structures and non-market capabilities in selection and implementation of sustainability initiatives
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.04.005openalex-snapshot
A reconceptualization of authentic leadership: Leader legitimation via follower-centered assessment of the moral dimension
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.08.006openalex-snapshot
Jack of all, master of all? CEO generalist experience and firm performance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.07.003openalex-snapshot
What explains cultural differences in leadership styles? On the agricultural origins of participative and directive leadership
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101677openalex-snapshot
Common methodological mistakes
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Are the effects of servant leadership only spurious? The state of research on the causal effects of servant leadership, recommendations, and an illustrative experiment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.01.002openalex-snapshot
Construct validity of measures of goal orientation in the approach–avoidance network
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109593openalex-snapshot
Addressing traceability of self-reported dependence measurement through the use of crosswalks
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2011.02.007openalex-snapshot
Deconstructing the construct: A network perspective on psychological phenomena
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2019.100749openalex-snapshot
Quantifying definitional relations in psychological measurement
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.041openalex-snapshot
Type D personality and the Five-Factor Model: A facet-level analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.019openalex-snapshot
On the adoption of partial least squares in psychological research: Caveat emptor
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.020openalex-snapshot
Social status as one key indicator of successful psychopathy: An initial empirical investigation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2023.104826openalex-snapshot
Ecological community logics, identifiable business ownership, and green innovation as a company response
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2023.101063openalex-snapshot
A consumption value evaluation and environmental consciousness of rental preference on Long-term rental YouBikes in Taiwan
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scoms.2016.03.003openalex-snapshot
Measurement invariance in comparative Internet use research
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.025openalex-snapshot
Illuminating the lifecourse of place in the longitudinal study of neighbourhoods and health
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2023.101997openalex-snapshot
The physical body as a computing interface: Theoretical conceptualization of embodied affordances and empirical validation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2026.101492openalex-snapshot
Measuring generative AI-mediated travel experiences: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale
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Reflective versus formative confusion in SEM based tourism research: A critical comment
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Effect of a major network reform on bus transit satisfaction
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.06.005openalex-snapshot
Understanding public transport satisfaction: Using Maslow's hierarchy of (transit) needs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781316160930.015openalex-snapshot
Moving the Field of Workplace Aggression Forward
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2022.15openalex-snapshot
‘Congruent We Govern’: Cost of Governance in Multiparty Presidentialism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2021.7openalex-snapshot
Generalist versus specialist CEO and R&D commitment: evidence from an emerging market
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000163openalex-snapshot
Psychometric Properties of the 44-Item Version of Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000154openalex-snapshot
Three Conceptual Impediments to Developing Scale Theory for Formative Scales
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000283openalex-snapshot
A Personality-Based Measure of Employability
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0032955openalex-snapshot
The Forms of Bullying Scale (FBS): Validity and reliability estimates for a measure of bullying victimization and perpetration in adolescence.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0037965openalex-snapshot
Understanding sexual harassment using aggregate construct models.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0039961openalex-snapshot
The influence of family-supportive supervisor training on employee job performance and attitudes: An organizational work–family intervention.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000400openalex-snapshot
Can we agree we just had a rupture? Patient-therapist congruence on ruptures and its effects on outcome in brief relational therapy versus cognitive-behavioral therapy.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/met0000056openalex-snapshot
In defense of causal-formative indicators: A minority report.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/met0000751openalex-snapshot
Utilizing primary study quality in meta-analyses in psychology: A step-by-step tutorial.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000152openalex-snapshot
Measuring executive function in early childhood: A case for formative measurement.
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2012.29openalex-snapshot
Towards integrating acceptance and resistance research: evidence from a telecare case study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00353-7openalex-snapshot
Methodological practices in international business research: An after-action review of challenges and solutions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000986openalex-snapshot
Empirical Study to Determine Fragmentation of Construction Projects
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819421116openalex-snapshot
Distinct neural patterns underlying ingroup and outgroup conformity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2015.11950364openalex-snapshot
An Alternate Conceptualization of the Leisure Constraints Measurement Model
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2023.2218435openalex-snapshot
Environmental practice adoption in SMEs: The effects of firm proactive orientation and regulatory pressure
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Are Leisure Constraints Models Reflective or Formative?: Evidence from Confirmatory Tetrad Analyses
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Supervision practices of doctoral education and training
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The Usability Construct: A Dead End?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2013.845677openalex-snapshot
Measuring Procedural Justice in Police-Citizen Encounters
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2019.1649600openalex-snapshot
Taking the measure of measurement in sales research: introduction to the special issue
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2024.2430820openalex-snapshot
Development and Validation of an Index to Measure and Quantify Pet-Related Barriers to Healthcare Access and Utilization
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1025089openalex-snapshot
What's in a broken promissory obligation? Developing and testing a multiple component form measure of psychological contract breach
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1384930openalex-snapshot
On the shoulders of giants: a meta-review of strategic human resource management
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2018.1553728openalex-snapshot
The Impact of Management Control on Employee Motivation and Performance in the Public Sector
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2025.2453680openalex-snapshot
Tourist ESG engagement behaviors: conceptualization, scale development, and nomological Network
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2026.2681857openalex-snapshot
Development and validation of the co-designed social frailty 10-Item screening tool (SF-10)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2016.1153946openalex-snapshot
Process Overlap Theory: A Unified Account of the General Factor of Intelligence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2023.2274429openalex-snapshot
Questioning Psychological Constructs: Current Issues and Proposed Changes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2020.1809592openalex-snapshot
Perceived Impact of Promotional Support: Issues and Scale
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2151012openalex-snapshot
Youth materialism and consumer ethics: do Gen Z adolescents’ self-concepts (power and self-esteem) vary across cultures (China vs. France)?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2020.1870229openalex-snapshot
Correcting Correlation and Covariance Matrices for Measurement Errors Before Further Analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/1091367x.2017.1369982openalex-snapshot
Development and validation of Coaches’ Interpersonal Style Questionnaire
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2020.1806921openalex-snapshot
Team perceived virtuality: an emergent state perspective
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2026.2636079openalex-snapshot
Micro-foundations of enterprise risk management (ERM) effectiveness: the roles of ERM-specific transformational leadership, organizational culture, and group potency
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2019.1692754openalex-snapshot
What Makes a Hotelscape Beautiful? Antecedent and Consequent Behaviors of Perceived Aesthetic Value and Aesthetic Judgment in the Customer-Hotelscape Relationship
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15366367.2014.929453openalex-snapshot
Executive Functions: Formative Versus Reflective Measurement
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15366367.2014.943592openalex-snapshot
Alternative Measurement Paradigms for Measuring Executive Functions: SEM (Formative and Reflective Models) and IRT (Rasch Models)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15366367.2014.968503openalex-snapshot
Interpretational Confounding or Confounded Interpretations of Causal Indicators?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15366367.2014.980106openalex-snapshot
Unfinished Business in Clarifying Causal Measurement: Commentary on Bainter and Bollen
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