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Technical Aspects of Developing Chatbots for Medical Applications: Scoping Review

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Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6989-5_4openalex-snapshot
MANDY: Towards a Smart Primary Care Chatbot Application
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-019-1387-1openalex-snapshot
Assessment of users’ acceptability of a mobile-based embodied conversational agent for the prevention and detection of suicidal behaviour
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-016-0376-9openalex-snapshot
Programming Tools for Messenger-Based Chatbot System Organization: Implication for Outpatient and Translational Medicines
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.009openalex-snapshot
Chatbot advertising effectiveness: When does the message get through?
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2010.04.004openalex-snapshot
Multimodal and mobile conversational Health and Fitness Companions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.03.054openalex-snapshot
Survey of conversational agents in health
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2009.12.001openalex-snapshot
Response to a relational agent by hospital patients with depressive symptoms
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2010.12.006openalex-snapshot
A reusable framework for health counseling dialogue systems based on a behavioral medicine ontology
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.05.007openalex-snapshot
Virtual training and coaching of health behavior: Example from mindfulness meditation training
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.05.011openalex-snapshot
Automated interventions for multiple health behaviors using conversational agents
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675822openalex-snapshot
Self-Anamnesis with a Conversational User Interface: Concept and Usability Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy072openalex-snapshot
Conversational agents in healthcare: a systematic review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/bibe.2019.00095openalex-snapshot
Employing Conversational Agents in Palliative Care: A Feasibility Study and Preliminary Assessment
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/bigcomp.2017.7881752openalex-snapshot
The chatbot feels you - a counseling service using emotional response generation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2013.6567775openalex-snapshot
Virtual cardiologist — A conversational system for medical diagnosis
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/cetic4.2018.8530940openalex-snapshot
A Framework for Intelligent Learning Assistant Platform Based on Cognitive Computing for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/civemsa.2017.7995296openalex-snapshot
Development of an Arabic Conversational Intelligent Tutoring System for Education of children with ASD
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/fads.2017.8253198openalex-snapshot
The potential of conversational agents to provide a rapid HIV counseling and testing services
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icaccs.2019.8728499openalex-snapshot
A Graph Based Chatbot for Cancer Patients
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsit.2009.5234671openalex-snapshot
An architectural design of Virtual Dietitian (ViDi) for diabetic patients
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icos.2017.8280270openalex-snapshot
Intelligent Healthcare Chatterbot (HECIA): Case study of medical center in Malaysia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icot.2015.7498484openalex-snapshot
Customized dialogue system based on biographical knowledge retrieval for elderly
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icot.2017.8336091openalex-snapshot
A chatbot using LSTM-based multi-layer embedding for elderly care
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/icsns.2018.8573642openalex-snapshot
Intelligent Counselling Bot Using Ranking Algorithm in AI
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2018.8607399openalex-snapshot
A Chatbot-supported Smart Wireless Interactive Healthcare System for Weight Control and Health Promotion
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2018.3191249openalex-snapshot
Social Media–based Conversational Agents for Health Management and Interventions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2018.3191254openalex-snapshot
Using eMMA to Manage Medication
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/mdm.2017.64openalex-snapshot
A Chatbot for Psychiatric Counseling in Mental Healthcare Service Based on Emotional Dialogue Analysis and Sentence Generation
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/smartcomp.2019.00043openalex-snapshot
kBot: Knowledge-Enabled Personalized Chatbot for Asthma Self-Management
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/times-icon.2018.8621678openalex-snapshot
Chatbot Utilization for Medical Consultant System
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1109/waina.2018.00170openalex-snapshot
Extending a Conventional Chatbot Knowledge Base to External Knowledge Source and Introducing User Based Sessions for Diabetes Education
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2064024openalex-snapshot
Health conversational system based on contextual matching of community-driven question-answer pairs
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3154862.3154914openalex-snapshot
Addressing challenges in promoting healthy lifestyles
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3194658.3194670openalex-snapshot
Talking to Ana
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/3195555.3195567openalex-snapshot
Smart conversational agents for reminiscence
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1145/365153.365168openalex-snapshot
ELIZA—A Computer Program For the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1159/000501812openalex-snapshot
The Next Generation: Chatbots in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy to Foster Mental Health – A Scoping Review
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004337862_lgbo_com_200151openalex-snapshot
Technische Universität Darmstadt
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104openalex-snapshot
A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.12720/joace.3.2.137-140openalex-snapshot
Pharmabot: A Pediatric Generic Medicine Consultant Chatbot
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1524/itit.46.6.289.54685openalex-snapshot
Conversational User Interfaces
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3090881openalex-snapshot
Automated Medical Chatbot
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s85528openalex-snapshot
Empowerment, motivation, and medical adherence (EMMA): the feasibility of a program for patient-centered consultations to support medication adherence and blood glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2196/10148openalex-snapshot
Towards an Artificially Empathic Conversational Agent for Mental Health Applications: System Design and User Perceptions
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2196/12106openalex-snapshot
An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2196/12231openalex-snapshot
Designing a Chatbot for a Brief Motivational Interview on Stress Management: Qualitative Case Study
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2196/12856openalex-snapshot
When Chatbots Meet Patients: One-Year Prospective Study of Conversations Between Patients With Breast Cancer and a Chatbot
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5239openalex-snapshot
Improving Access to Online Health Information With Conversational Agents: A Randomized Controlled Experiment
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_034openalex-snapshot
OlloBot - Towards A Text-Based Arabic Health Conversational Agent: Evaluation and Results
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-666-8-55openalex-snapshot
Hello Harlie: Enabling Speech Monitoring Through Chat-Bot Conversations
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-890-7-51openalex-snapshot
Quro: Facilitating User Symptom Check Using a Personalised Chatbot-Oriented Dialogue System
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/shti190060openalex-snapshot
An Evolutionary Bootstrapping Development Approach for a Mental Health Conversational Agent
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.3233/shti190409openalex-snapshot
Towards Emotion-Sensitive Conversational User Interfaces in Healthcare Applications
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.189890openalex-snapshot
ArXiv
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.7326/m18-0850openalex-snapshot
PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation

What points at this work

Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.

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A Systematic Review of Information Quality of Artificial Intelligence Based Conversational Agents in Healthcare
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EmphaBot: Enhancing Accessibility in Mental Health Support using a CoT-RAG-Based Language Model
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Chatting with artificial intelligence to combat antibiotic resistance: Opportunities and challenges
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Medical related word enhancement framework: A new method for large language model in medical dialogue generation
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The technological and societal co-evolution landscape of AI medical conversational agents: An LLM-enhanced quantitative textual review
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Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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Evaluating the validity and consistency of artificial intelligence chatbots in responding to patients’ frequently asked questions in prosthodontics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.05.001openalex-snapshot
Alignment of artificial intelligence-generated responses with systematic reviews in implant prosthodontics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2023.154989openalex-snapshot
ChatGPT as an aid for pathological diagnosis of cancer
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BERT-Based Medical Chatbot: Enhancing Healthcare Communication through Natural Language Understanding
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Psychological insights into the research and practice of embodied conversational agents, chatbots and social assistive robots: a systematic meta-review
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The role of communication in health-focused conversational AI: a review of systematic reviews examining conversational features, design characteristics, and interaction functions
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Effectiveness and Acceptability of Conversational Agents for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1237704openalex-snapshot
Overview of Chatbots with special emphasis on artificial intelligence-enabled ChatGPT in medical science
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/app13126923openalex-snapshot
Lhia: A Smart Chatbot for Breastfeeding Education and Recruitment of Human Milk Donors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/dj13060261openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111250openalex-snapshot
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inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172417openalex-snapshot
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From Dialogue Systems to Autonomous Agents: A Modeling Framework for Ethical Generative AI in Healthcare
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10100058openalex-snapshot
Exploring the Potential of Chatbots in Critical Care Nephrology
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/robotics13050068openalex-snapshot
Comparative Analysis of Generic and Fine-Tuned Large Language Models for Conversational Agent Systems
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/s22072625openalex-snapshot
A Systematic Review on Healthcare Artificial Intelligent Conversational Agents for Chronic Conditions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.3390/software3040029openalex-snapshot
Dental Loop Chatbot: A Prototype Large Language Model Framework for Dentistry
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4018/407376openalex-snapshot
Bridging Gaps in Virtual Care
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-5503-9.ch017openalex-snapshot
Adoption of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Bots in the Healthcare Education Industry
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4028/p-r4i40iopenalex-snapshot
Medical Diagnosis through Chatbots
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_76_25openalex-snapshot
The Utility of ChatGPT for Assisting Patients with Study Preparation and Report Interpretation of Myocardial Viability Scintigraphy: Exploring the Future of AI-driven Patient Comprehension in Nuclear Medicine
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_705_25openalex-snapshot
Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy and Temporal Consistency of General-Purpose and Medical-Specific Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: An Evaluation Using Clinical Scenarios
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2023.134014openalex-snapshot
Factors Affecting Consumers Adoption of AI-Based Chatbots: The Role of Anthropomorphism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4324/9781003134176-4openalex-snapshot
The power of algorithms and keys of participation
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.46870/jhki.v4i2.765openalex-snapshot
Artificial Intelligence Berbasis Chatbot: Sarana Baru Panduan Hukum Keluarga Digital
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.48185/jaai.v2i1.310openalex-snapshot
Doctor Recommendation Chatbot: A research study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5070/d328659734openalex-snapshot
Chatbot utilization in dermatology: a potential amelioration to burnout in dermatology
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.51859/amplla.lgp065.1122-14openalex-snapshot
MANUAIS IMPRESSOS VOLTADOS ÀS METAS DE SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE EM AMBIENTES HOSPITALARES: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2021.10.1.2833openalex-snapshot
Utilization of Chabot in an Educational System
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-25-00341openalex-snapshot
Evaluation of ChatGPT-4o as a Patient Information Tool for Common Orthopaedic Surgeries: Accuracy, Completeness, and Clinical Utility
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v17n1p24openalex-snapshot
Teleconsultations in Primary Healthcare Centres During COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Aftermath
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5812/semj-139627openalex-snapshot
Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots to Combat COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5815/ijitcs.2022.03.03openalex-snapshot
Development of a Mobile-Based Hostel Location and Recommendation Chatbot System
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26681908openalex-snapshot
Additional file 1 of “That’s just Future Medicine” - a qualitative study on users’ experiences of symptom checker apps
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.26.26354165openalex-snapshot
Grounding Language Models in Behavioral Science to Scale Physical Activity Interventions for Hispanic/Latinx Populations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1673333openalex-snapshot
Validity and Reliability of Responses to Periodontology Questions by 4 Different Artificial Intelligence Chatbots as Public Information Sources
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.110649openalex-snapshot
Applicability of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Chatbots in Medical Physics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.88980openalex-snapshot
Evaluating the Accuracy, Completeness, and Readability of Chatbot Responses to Refractive Surgery-Related Patient Questions: A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Google Gemini
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