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Syntactic complexity in college-level English writing: Differences among writers with diverse L1 backgrounds

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2015.06.003
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What this work says

Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.

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Writing from Abroad: Linguistic complexity and L2 Arabic writing quality across genres
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2026.104169openalex-snapshot
Can LLMs effectively annotate learner writing? Prompting strategies and proficiency effects in annotating L2 learner argumentative essays
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781009415682.009openalex-snapshot
Statistical Modelling of Syntactic Complexity of English Academic Texts Using Ensemble Machine Learning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089openalex-snapshot
The Cambridge Introduction to Applied Linguistics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.001openalex-snapshot
Introduction to the Field of Applied Linguistics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.002openalex-snapshot
Approaches to Research in Applied Linguistics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.003openalex-snapshot
Second Language Acquisition and the Teaching of Pragmatics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.004openalex-snapshot
Heritage Language Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.005openalex-snapshot
Community, Group Dynamics, Identity, and Anxiety in Learning an Additional Language
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.006openalex-snapshot
Automated Assessment of Language
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.007openalex-snapshot
Developmental Language Disorder and Bilingualism
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.008openalex-snapshot
Literacy Education and Systemic Functional Linguistics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.009openalex-snapshot
Disciplinary Education and Language for Specific Purposes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.010openalex-snapshot
Language Socialization and Culture in Study Abroad Programs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.011openalex-snapshot
Language Policy and Planning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.012openalex-snapshot
Language Varieties and Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.013openalex-snapshot
Applications of Applied Linguistics to Augmentative and Alternative Communication Device Users in the Workplace
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.014openalex-snapshot
Language Documentation and Revitalization
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.015openalex-snapshot
Stylistics and the Digital Humanities
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.016openalex-snapshot
Policy and Planning at a Local Level with English as a Lingua Franca and Teacher Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.017openalex-snapshot
Acquisition of Literacy in a Second Language
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.018openalex-snapshot
Distributed Language for Learning in the Wild
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.019openalex-snapshot
Language, Aging, and Dementia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.020openalex-snapshot
Diversity, Equity, and Language Teacher Education
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.021openalex-snapshot
Activist Applied Linguistics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.022openalex-snapshot
Language, the Law, and Forensic Linguistics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.023openalex-snapshot
Ideology in Media Discourse
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.024openalex-snapshot
Literacy, Digital Literacy, Language Education, and Equity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.025openalex-snapshot
Reading and Writing Empirical Papers in Applied Linguistics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.026openalex-snapshot
The Path Forward
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.027openalex-snapshot
Index
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.032openalex-snapshot
Next Steps as an Applied Linguist
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.034openalex-snapshot
The Path Forward
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108658089.035openalex-snapshot
Index
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0142716426100848openalex-snapshot
Morphological processing in the parafovea during sentence reading for deaf and hearing readers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0266078426101333openalex-snapshot
The syntactic complexity of the Inner Circle English varieties
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728923000482openalex-snapshot
Do more proficient writers use fewer cognates in L2? A computational approach
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224501081openalex-snapshot
Corpus-based study on syntactic complexity of texts by L1 and L2 learners
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315204001openalex-snapshot
Corpus-based Development of Syntactic Complexity in EFL Writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05560-xopenalex-snapshot
Lexical richness in Chinese university students’ EFL writing: a corpus-based comparison
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1063/5.0338367openalex-snapshot
Predicting second-language learning performance through deep linguistic embeddings and behavioral indicators: A RoBERTa–IFPA–decision tree framework
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/bpa.13.05kojopenalex-snapshot
L2 writing and its internal correlates
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.20181.chaopenalex-snapshot
A comparison of automated and manual analyses of syntactic complexity in L2 English writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.00019.intopenalex-snapshot
Natural language processing for learner corpus research
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.20003.picopenalex-snapshot
Automated annotation of learner English
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.23036.bibopenalex-snapshot
Comparing theory-based models of grammatical complexity in student writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.24028.wedopenalex-snapshot
The influence of L1 Dutch on connective use in L2 German academic writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/itl.20009.delopenalex-snapshot
Morphological complexity and rated writing proficiency
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.54.05rosopenalex-snapshot
Profiling the dynamic changes of syntactic complexity in L2 academic writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.56.06sanopenalex-snapshot
The effects of task repetition across modalities and proficiency levels
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/resla.20066.kimopenalex-snapshot
Constructional complexity as a predictor of Korean EFL learners’ writing proficiency
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/scl.104.03kisopenalex-snapshot
Syntactic complexity measures as linguistic correlates of proficiency level in learner Russian
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/scl.104.04diropenalex-snapshot
Development of L2 writing complexity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/scl.104.10lyaopenalex-snapshot
Accuracy, syntactic complexity and task type at play in examination writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.35.09koyopenalex-snapshot
Verb-argument constructions in advanced L2 English
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2024.2340393openalex-snapshot
Utilizing Machine Learning Techniques for Classifying Translated and Non-Translated Corporate Annual Reports
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2019.1694360openalex-snapshot
Numerical Assessment of Orthographic Neighbourhood Size Fluctuation in Writing Using Fractal Dimension Analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2018.1527358openalex-snapshot
Linking text readability and learner proficiency using linguistic complexity feature vector distance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2024.2443770openalex-snapshot
Combining multimodal technology-mediated and peer feedback: effects on second language (L2) learners’ complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) in writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2025.2518430openalex-snapshot
Enhancing GPT-based automated essay scoring: the impact of fine-tuning and linguistic complexity measures
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2017.1387631openalex-snapshot
Using the Sociocognitive-Transformative Approach in Writing Classrooms: Effects on L2 Learners’ Writing Performance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2023.2211955openalex-snapshot
Verb argument construction complexity indices and L2 written production: effects of task complexity and task repetition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/23306343.2024.2384764openalex-snapshot
Does Simplification Occur at Sentence Level in the English Translations of Chinese Academic Works? –A Comparable Corpus Analysis of Syntactic Complexity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amab007openalex-snapshot
Beyond Differences: Assessing Effects of Shared Linguistic Features on L2 Writing Quality of Two Genres
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amag033openalex-snapshot
Task complexity and genre effects: examining complexity, accuracy, and fluency in L2 oral production
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amy064openalex-snapshot
Investigating Syntactic Complexity in EFL Learners' Writing across Common European Framework of Reference Levels A1, A2, and B1
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amz034openalex-snapshot
Longitudinal Growth Trajectories of Written Syntactic Complexity: The Case of Turkish Learners in an Intensive English Program
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/ialp48816.2019.9037695openalex-snapshot
A Study on Syntactic Complexity and Text Readability of ASEAN English News
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1109/icaite68636.2025.11442561openalex-snapshot
LinguaGraph: An NLP-Driven Computational Framework for Interpretable Linguistic Analysis of Learner Writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12200openalex-snapshot
The reliability and validity of automated tools for examining variation in syntactic complexity across genres
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12526openalex-snapshot
Effects of speaker types and L1 backgrounds on the linguistic complexity of learners’ writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.70175openalex-snapshot
Beyond Quantification: Rethinking the Measurement of Syntactic Complexity in L2 Writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.70318openalex-snapshot
Tracing Interconnected Development in Self‐Directed L2 Learning: Journal Writing as a Window Into L2 Change in a Longitudinal Case Study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.70335openalex-snapshot
Linguistic Distance and Syntactic Complexity in L2 Writing: A Dependency‐Based Analysis Across 17 L1 Backgrounds
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12226openalex-snapshot
Exploring Learner Language Through Corpora: Comparing and Interpreting Corpus Frequency Information
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12394openalex-snapshot
The Relationship Between First and Second Language Writing: Investigating the Effects of First Language Complexity on Second Language Complexity in Advanced Stages of Learning
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12622openalex-snapshot
Syntactic Complexity in Adapted Teaching Materials: Differences Among Grade Levels and Implications for Benchmarking
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12766openalex-snapshot
Noun‐Phrase Complexity Measures in Chinese and Their Relationship to L2 Chinese Writing Quality: A Comparison with Topic–Comment‐Unit‐Based Measures
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12808openalex-snapshot
Measuring Writing Development and Proficiency Gains Using Indices of Lexical and Syntactic Complexity: Evidence From Longitudinal Russian Learner Corpus Data
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12907openalex-snapshot
L2 English speaking syntactic complexity: Data preprocessing issues, reliability of automated analysis, and the effects of proficiency, L1 background, and topic
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1115/1.4052764openalex-snapshot
The Relationship Between Perceived Confidence, Gender, and Writing in a Biomedical Engineering Research Experience for Undergraduates Site
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8871263openalex-snapshot
The Measurement of Chinese Sentence Semantic Complexity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00024openalex-snapshot
Native Language Cognate Effects on Second Language Lexical Choice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00220574211016435openalex-snapshot
Comparing Syntactic Complexity: Research Papers Written by Undergraduate Researchers and Published Research Papers
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00336882211061624openalex-snapshot
Dynamic Written Corrective Feedback in First-Year Composition: Accuracy and Lexical and Syntactic Complexity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00336882251355060openalex-snapshot
Exploring the Impacts of First and Second Language Pre-writing Discussions on Second Language Writing Performance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/00754242231222296openalex-snapshot
Dimensions of Text Complexity in the Spoken and Written Modes: A Comparison of Theory-Based Models
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0265532217710675openalex-snapshot
Automated measurement of syntactic complexity in corpus-based L2 writing research and implications for writing assessment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/07410883221099474openalex-snapshot
How Does the Language Control of L1 and L2 Writers Develop Over Time in First-Year Composition?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211033565openalex-snapshot
The effects of topic familiarity on emotionality and linguistic complexity in EAP writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13621688221090922openalex-snapshot
Task sequencing and L2 writing development: Exploring the SSARC model of pedagogic task sequencing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13621688251352263openalex-snapshot
Automated detection of machine translation use in L2 Spanish writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/13621688261483334openalex-snapshot
Large Language Models for L2 Italian Writing Assessment: Effects of Prompt, Fine-Tuning, and Data Balance
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/17470218241232407openalex-snapshot
Deaf readers use leftward information to read more efficiently: Evidence from eye tracking
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261422080openalex-snapshot
Stylistic Changes of Academic Discourse in Chinese Foreign Linguistics: A Diachronic Analysis of Thematic Evolution, Syntactic Complexification, and Evaluative Positivization in CSSCI-Listed Journal Abstracts (2004–2023)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261453413openalex-snapshot
The Combined Impact of ChatGPT and Teacher Feedback on the Syntactic Complexity of EFL Learners’ Writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261467461openalex-snapshot
A Corpus-Based Study of Noun Modification in English Academic Writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261492896openalex-snapshot
Observed Upper-Bound Patterns in Clausal Density and Embedding Depth: A Corpus-Based Study of Chinese EFL Learners’ Argumentative Writing
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261493293openalex-snapshot
Grammatical Complexity of Grammatical Metaphor: A Dependency Relation-Based Approach
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/23294906211012398openalex-snapshot
Instructor Evaluation of Business Student Writing: Does Language Play a Role?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/23328584241258729openalex-snapshot
IELTS and Written Syntactic Complexity as Predictors of GPA of Multilingual International Graduate Students
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-020-00134-7openalex-snapshot
Smart multimedia learning of ICT: role and impact on language learners’ writing fluency— YouTube online English learning resources as an example
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-022-00182-1openalex-snapshot
Effects of teacher, automated, and combined feedback on syntactic complexity in EFL students’ writing
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