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Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Agonist and Peripheral Antagonist for Schizophrenia
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What this work says
Outgoing claims: the papers this work cites, builds on, or argues with.
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Effects of Xanomeline, a Selective Muscarinic Receptor Agonist, on Cognitive Function and Behavioral Symptoms in Alzheimer Disease
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Placebo Response in Antipsychotic Clinical Trials
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The current status of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia
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Cholinergic muscarinic M1 and M4 receptors as therapeutic targets for cognitive, behavioural, and psychological symptoms in psychiatric and neurological disorders
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Management of treatment resistance in schizophrenia
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Xanomeline: a novel muscarinic receptor agonist with functional selectivity for M1 receptors.
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00114-9openalex-snapshot
The binding of [3H]AF-DX 384 is reduced in the caudate-putamen of subjects with schizophrenia
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Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis
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Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of adults with multi-episode schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
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Striatal, Hippocampal, and Cortical Networks Are Differentially Responsive to the M4- and M1-Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Mediated Effects of Xanomeline
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00335openalex-snapshot
Striatal, Hippocampal, and Cortical Networks Are Differentially Responsive to the M4- and M1-Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Mediated Effects of Xanomeline
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1021/jm990607uopenalex-snapshot
Therapeutic Opportunities for Muscarinic Receptors in the Central Nervous System
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The Clinical Global Impression–Schizophrenia scale: a simple instrument to measure the diversity of symptoms present in schizophrenia
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Potentiation of M1 Muscarinic Receptor Reverses Plasticity Deficits and Negative and Cognitive Symptoms in a Schizophrenia Mouse Model
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001924openalex-snapshot
Towards a muscarinic hypothesis of schizophrenia
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A RATING SCALE FOR EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SIDE EFFECTS
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Trospium chloride has no effect on memory testing and is assay undetectable in the central nervous system of older patients with overactive bladder
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.118openalex-snapshot
In Vivo Determination of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Availability in Schizophrenia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.06091591openalex-snapshot
Selective Muscarinic Receptor Agonist Xanomeline as a Novel Treatment Approach for Schizophrenia
inferredcites →https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10111704openalex-snapshot
The Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Initial Validity and Internal Consistency Findings From Three Multisite Studies With Adolescents and Adults
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Meta-Regression Analysis of Placebo Response in Antipsychotic Trials, 1970–2010
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A Rating Scale for Drug-Induced Akathisia
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The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): Rationale and Standardisation
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Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
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The Effects of Risperidone on the Five Dimensions of Schizophrenia Derived by Factor Analysis
What points at this work
Incoming claims: where this work appears in other papers’ reference lists and arguments.
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Lower levels of cortical [3H]pirenzepine binding to postmortem tissue defines a sub-group of older people with schizophrenia with less severe cognitive deficits
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Efficacy and safety of the muscarinic receptor agonist KarXT (xanomeline–trospium) in schizophrenia (EMERGENT-2) in the USA: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose phase 3 trial
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An international research agenda for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia
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Psychosis as a disorder of muscarinic signalling: psychopathology and pharmacology
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From Betel Nuts to Cobenfy: How an Ancient Recreational Drug Gave Rise to a New Class of Schizophrenia Medications
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How Antipsychotics Work in Schizophrenia
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Drug Treatment of the Psychoses
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852924002244openalex-snapshot
How antipsychotics work in schizophrenia: a primer on mechanisms
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00293openalex-snapshot
Design and Synthesis of Clinical Candidate PF-06852231 (CVL-231): A Brain Penetrant, Selective, Positive Allosteric Modulator of the M4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c00587openalex-snapshot
Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel Tetrahydropyridine-Based Muscarinic M5 Receptor Antagonists to Investigate the Difference in the SARs of Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes Utilizing Induced Fit Docking Studies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00531openalex-snapshot
Development and Scale-Up of an Enabling Synthetic Route to KTX-005, a Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist for the Potential Treatment of Schizophrenia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.6c00185openalex-snapshot
Development of the Commercial Manufacturing Process for Xanomeline Tartrate, an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in KarXT
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00572openalex-snapshot
Structural Features of Iperoxo–BQCA Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Hybrid Ligands Determining Subtype Selectivity and Efficacy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00827openalex-snapshot
Biased Profile of Xanomeline at the Recombinant Human M4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00574openalex-snapshot
FPT, a 2-Aminotetralin, Is a Potent Serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1D Receptor Agonist That Modulates Cortical Electroencephalogram Activity in Adult Fmr1 Knockout Mice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00592openalex-snapshot
M1/M4-Preferring Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Agonist Xanomeline Reverses Wake and Arousal Deficits in Nonpathologically Aged Mice
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00465openalex-snapshot
Discovery of VU6016235: A Highly Selective, Orally Bioavailable, and Structurally Distinct Tricyclic M4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator (PAM)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00508openalex-snapshot
Discovery of VU6007496: Challenges in the Development of an M 1 Positive Allosteric Modulator Backup Candidate
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00769openalex-snapshot
Discovery of VU0467319: an M 1 Positive Allosteric Modulator Candidate That Advanced into Clinical Trials
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00119openalex-snapshot
Application of Deuterium in an M1 Positive Allosteric Modulator Back-Up Program: The Discovery of VU6045422
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00277openalex-snapshot
Discovery of Pre-Clinical Candidate VU6008055/AF98943: A Highly Selective, Orally Bioavailable, and Structurally Distinct Tricyclic M4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator (PAM) with Robust In Vivo Efficacy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00825openalex-snapshot
Discovery of VU6052254: A Novel, Potent M 1 Positive Allosteric Modulator
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00963openalex-snapshot
Discovery of VU6025733 (AG06827): A Highly Selective, Orally Bioavailable, and Structurally Distinct M 4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator (PAM) with Robust In Vivo Efficacy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00249openalex-snapshot
Discovery of VU6008677: A Structurally Distinct Tricyclic M4 Positive Allosteric Modulator with Improved CYP450 Profile
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6c00392openalex-snapshot
De Novo Design in an M1 Positive Allosteric Modulator Backup Program: The Discovery of VU6069863
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01596-6openalex-snapshot
The relationship between glutamate, dopamine, and cortical gray matter: A simultaneous PET-MR study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-01949-9openalex-snapshot
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02410-1openalex-snapshot
Psychosis superspectrum II: neurobiology, treatment, and implications
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02503-xopenalex-snapshot
Advancing understanding of the mechanisms of antipsychotic-associated cognitive impairment to minimise harm: a call to action
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03023-yopenalex-snapshot
Cholinergic system in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-026-03603-6openalex-snapshot
Clinical innovations and future directions of nanoparticles in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-023-01531-5openalex-snapshot
Xanomeline restores endogenous nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling in mouse prefrontal cortex
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-023-01690-5openalex-snapshot
Finding new and better treatments for psychiatric disorders
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-025-02077-4openalex-snapshot
Pharmacological reduction of reverse-translated hippocampal hyperactivity in mouse: relevance for psychosis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01904-2openalex-snapshot
Beyond antipsychotics: a twenty-first century update for preclinical development of schizophrenia therapeutics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01928-8openalex-snapshot
Existing and emerging pharmacological approaches to the treatment of mania: A critical overview
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02254-9openalex-snapshot
Effectiveness of KarXT (xanomeline-trospium) for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: post hoc analyses from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02400-xopenalex-snapshot
Cross-diagnostic determinants of cognitive functioning: the muscarinic cholinergic receptor as a model system
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-024-03221-2openalex-snapshot
Corticolimbic circuitry as a druggable target in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a narrative review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03262-1openalex-snapshot
Methods to address functional unblinding of raters in CNS trials
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41199-5openalex-snapshot
Xanomeline displays concomitant orthosteric and allosteric binding modes at the M4 mAChR
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-021-00174-zopenalex-snapshot
Changes in cortical gene expression in the muscarinic M1 receptor knockout mouse: potential relevance to schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease and cognition
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-022-00320-1openalex-snapshot
Safety and tolerability of KarXT (xanomeline–trospium) in a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with schizophrenia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-024-00472-2openalex-snapshot
Bridging cholinergic signalling and inflammation in schizophrenia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-024-00525-6openalex-snapshot
Efficacy of xanomeline and trospium chloride in schizophrenia: pooled results from three 5-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, EMERGENT trials
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-024-01007-1openalex-snapshot
A golden age of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulation in neurological diseases
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-025-01335-wopenalex-snapshot
Novel drug treatments for schizophrenia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-023-00904-0openalex-snapshot
Schizophrenia: from neurochemistry to circuits, symptoms and treatments
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-022-01247-5openalex-snapshot
Structural basis of efficacy-driven ligand selectivity at GPCRs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-023-01390-9openalex-snapshot
Antipsychotic drug efficacy correlates with the modulation of D1 rather than D2 receptor-expressing striatal projection neurons
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06391-3openalex-snapshot
Normative modelling of molecular-based functional circuits captures clinical heterogeneity transdiagnostically in psychiatric patients
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-025-00529-wopenalex-snapshot
Preliminary real-world predictors of response to muscarinic targeting in psychosis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1039/d1md00096aopenalex-snapshot
Progress in mechanistically novel treatments for schizophrenia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1042/ns20210004openalex-snapshot
Targeting the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer’s disease
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1055/a-2307-6484openalex-snapshot
Advancements in Non-Dopaminergic Treatments for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Pipeline Developments
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1055/a-2506-7022openalex-snapshot
Xanomeline-Trospium for Adults with Schizophrenia Experiencing Acute Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Safety and Tolerability Outcomes
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2104965openalex-snapshot
Clinical Trial of New Drug for Schizophrenia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2024.2427561openalex-snapshot
A New Antipsychotic for Schizophrenia: Xanomeline and Trospium (Cobenfy)
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2023.2168955openalex-snapshot
Vive la révolution! a paradigm shift in the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2023.2206559openalex-snapshot
Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ulotaront (SEP-363856, a trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonist) for the treatment of schizophrenia and other mental disorders: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical trials
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2023.2219385openalex-snapshot
Potassium channel modulators and schizophrenia: an overview of investigational drugs
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2023.2288074openalex-snapshot
Muscarinic M1 and M4 receptor agonists for schizophrenia: promising candidates for the therapeutic arsenal
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2026.2664332openalex-snapshot
Cost-effectiveness analysis of xanomeline and trospium chloride for the treatment of adults with schizophrenia in the US
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2021.1939677openalex-snapshot
How do we address treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia pharmacologically?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2022.2145884openalex-snapshot
Update on novel antipsychotics and pharmacological strategies for treatment-resistant schizophrenia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2024.2334424openalex-snapshot
Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of xanomeline for schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14728214.2025.2458053openalex-snapshot
Muscarinic M1 and M4 agents as treatments for schizophrenia: what do they do and who do they do it for?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2023.2253144openalex-snapshot
Is the psychedelic experience an essential aspect of the therapeutic effect of serotonergic psychedelics? Conceptual, discovery, development and implementation implications for psilocybin and related agents
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2024.2348561openalex-snapshot
A review on side effect management of second-generation antipsychotics to treat schizophrenia: a drug safety perspective
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2022.2043561openalex-snapshot
Associations of common genetic risk variants of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 with cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2024.2366235openalex-snapshot
Optimisation of pharmacotherapy in psychiatry through therapeutic drug monitoring, molecular brain imaging and pharmacogenetic tests: Focus on antipsychotics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2025.2459807openalex-snapshot
The role of rodent behavioral models of schizophrenia in the ongoing search for novel antipsychotics
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2023.2293996openalex-snapshot
Challenges, unmet needs and future directions – a critical evaluation of the clinical trial landscape in schizophrenia research
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac096openalex-snapshot
Reimagining cholinergic therapy for Alzheimer’s disease
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag001openalex-snapshot
Compensatory hallucinogenesis across three neuropsychiatric disorders: a Bayesian account
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab406openalex-snapshot
Developmental age and biological sex influence muscarinic receptor function and neuron morphology within layer VI of the medial prefrontal cortex
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac058openalex-snapshot
Challenges and Strategies for the Recruitment of Patients With Schizophrenia in a Research Setting
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyad011openalex-snapshot
New Developments in the Treatment of Schizophrenia: An Expert Roundtable
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyae018openalex-snapshot
Understanding the Therapeutic Action of Antipsychotics: From Molecular to Cellular Targets With Focus on the Islands of Calleja
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaf015openalex-snapshot
From theory to therapy: unlocking the potential of muscarinic receptor activation in schizophrenia with the dual M1/M4 muscarinic receptor agonist xanomeline and trospium chloride and insights from clinical trials
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197640654.003.0019openalex-snapshot
Novel Treatments for Schizophrenia
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbad118openalex-snapshot
Basal-Forebrain Cholinergic Nuclei Alterations are Associated With Medication and Cognitive Deficits Across the Schizophrenia Spectrum
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbag069openalex-snapshot
Variability and Magnitude of Choline Levels Across the Psychosis Spectrum: A Meta-analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac027openalex-snapshot
Assessment of Negative Symptoms in Clinical Trials of Acute Schizophrenia: Test of a Novel Enrichment Strategy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad003openalex-snapshot
The Impact of Baseline Anxiety on Drug Placebo Separation and Drug/Placebo Response in an Acute Schizophrenia Clinical Trial—A Post-hoc Analysis
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgae013openalex-snapshot
Pharmacological Treatment of Cognitive Impairment Associated With Schizophrenia: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
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