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Mercenaries: An African Security Dilemma
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State Decay: A Conceptual Frame of Failing and Failed States in West Africa
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Governance Shifts in Security
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State capacity and contracting for security
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Latin America : towards a liberal-informal welfare regime
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The dynamics of Africa's in/security regimes
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Multi-tiered international welfare systems
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Conclusion : Rethinking social policy in development contexts
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Probing the sources of political order
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The terrorist and the mercenary: Private warriors against Nigeria’s Boko Haram
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Liberia and Sierra Leone—dead ringers? The logic of neopatrimonial rule
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The Impact of Mercenaries and Private Military and Security Companies on Civil War Severity between 1946 and 2002
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Chapter 2 Operationalising security sector reform
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Eco-Politics of Dams on the Gambia River
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Informal Trade Routes and Security along the Aflao-Lomé Border Region (Ghana-Togo)
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Mercenaries in the Congo and Biafra, 1960-1970: Africa’s weapon of choice?
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Mercenaries in/and history: the problem of ahistoricism and contextualism in mercenary scholarship
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Assessing Sandline International’s reputation as a private military company
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/09692290701751332openalex-snapshot
Selling security: Assessing the impact of military privatization
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2001.9628117openalex-snapshot
REGULATING SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2008.9627468openalex-snapshot
Local dynamics of security in Africa: The Central African Republic and private security
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Private security companies and humanitarians: A corporate solution to securing humanitarian spaces?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2012.761872openalex-snapshot
In the Business of Peace: The Political Influence of Private Military and Security Companies on UN Peacekeeping
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Whither Africa's Security in the New Millennium: Stateor Mercenary-induced Stability?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13698240008402438openalex-snapshot
‘An Army for rent’, private military corporations and civil conflicts in Africa: The case of Sierra Leone
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13698240208402501openalex-snapshot
The privatization of security: Modern conflict, globalization and weak states
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2017.1406037openalex-snapshot
Buying Peace? Civil War Peace Duration and Private Military & Security Companies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14678800600590595openalex-snapshot
Security sector reform: bringing the private in
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14678800601176485openalex-snapshot
The role of security sector reform in sustainable development: donor policy trends and challenges
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/14678800903553886openalex-snapshot
Development co-operation and conflict in Sierra Leone
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2007.693300401664openalex-snapshot
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Doing business out of war. An analysis of the UPDF's presence in the Democratic Republic of Congo
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1080/18186870802321293openalex-snapshot
Remilitarisation of African societies: Analysis of the planning behind proposed US Africa Command
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214334.001.0001openalex-snapshot
Mercenaries
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214334.001.0001.002.002openalex-snapshot
Dedication
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Copyright Page
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Foreword
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Introduction
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1 Norms, Their Influence, and How They Can Be Studied
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214334.003.0003openalex-snapshot
2 The Definition of a Mercenary and the Definition of the Proscriptive Norm
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214334.003.0004openalex-snapshot
3 The Origins of the Norm against Mercenary Use, 1100–1600
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214334.003.0005openalex-snapshot
4 Competing Explanations for the Nineteenth-Century Shift Away from Mercenary Use
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214334.003.0006openalex-snapshot
5 How Citizens Became the Standard: A Normative Explanation of the Shift Away from Mercenary Use
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214334.003.0007openalex-snapshot
6 The Norm against Mercenary Use and International Law
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214334.003.0008openalex-snapshot
7 New Model Mercenaries: PMCs, PSCs, and the Anti-Mercenary Norm
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214334.005.0001openalex-snapshot
Definition of a Mercenary from the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288465.001.0001openalex-snapshot
Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Actors
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288465.002.0002openalex-snapshot
The Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law Edited by Professor Gráinne de Búrca, Professor Bruno de Witte, and Professor Francesco Francioni Assistant Editor: Barbara Ciomei
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Copyright Page
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Table of Cases
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Table of Treaties, Legislation, and other Relevant Instruments
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Table of Abbreviations
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Introduction
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Old Objections and New Approaches
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288465.003.0003openalex-snapshot
Thinking Responsibly about the Subject of Subjects
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288465.003.0005openalex-snapshot
The United Nations
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288465.003.0006openalex-snapshot
The World Trade Organization and the European Union
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288465.003.0008openalex-snapshot
Non-State Actors in Times of Armed Conflict
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288465.003.0009openalex-snapshot
Selected UN Human Rights Treaties
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288465.003.0010openalex-snapshot
Regional Human Rights Bodies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288465.003.0011openalex-snapshot
National Legal Orders
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288465.003.0012openalex-snapshot
Dignity and Democracy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288465.003.0013openalex-snapshot
Complexity, Complicity, and Complementarity
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei021openalex-snapshot
CONTRACTING OUT WAR?: PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES, LAW AND REGULATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
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How to Analyze Social Media? Assessing the Promise of Mixed-Methods Designs for Studying the Twitter Feeds of PMSCs
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Replicating the Resource Curse: A Qualitative Replication of Ross 2004
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Pragmatic Networks and Transnational Governance of Private Military and Security Services
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Commercial Military Actors and Civilian Victimization in Africa, Middle East, Latin America, and Asia, 1980–2011
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Researching Private Security in Africa: Two Theoretical Orientations, Two Tales of Security Governance
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Risk and Private Military Work
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Security Beyond the State: Global Security Assemblages in International Politics
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The Global Marketplace and the Privatisation of Security
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The Process and Prospects of Civil War in Sierra Leone, 1991-2001
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Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry and Its Ramifications for International Security
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The social structure of the market for force
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Norm challenges and norm death: The inexplicable?
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/002070201106600314openalex-snapshot
Neoliberalism and the Rise of the Private Military Industry
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022002712449325openalex-snapshot
Private Military Companies, Opportunities, and Termination of Civil Wars in Africa
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022002715600758openalex-snapshot
Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), Military Effectiveness, and Conflict Severity in Weak States, 1990–2007
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022002718824394openalex-snapshot
The Private Security Events Database
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022343305056237openalex-snapshot
The Market for Force and Public Security: The Destabilizing Consequences of Private Military Companies
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0967010605060451openalex-snapshot
Picking out the Pieces of the Liberal Peaces: Representations of Conflict Economies and the Implications for Policy
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1177/0967010614521266openalex-snapshot
The mercenary moniker: Condemnations, contradictions and the politics of definition
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Paradoxes of Sovereignty and Independence
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1215/9780822387640-005openalex-snapshot
Transnational Topographies of Power
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2017.0055openalex-snapshot
“Frontier Risk” and the Sino-American Scramble in the Sahel
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2016.0011openalex-snapshot
Roles of the Economic Community of West African States in the Struggle against Insurgencies in Mali and Nigeria: A Critical Review
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2005.107.3.377openalex-snapshot
Seeing Like an Oil Company: Space, Security, and Global Capital in Neoliberal Africa
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2012.59.3.322openalex-snapshot
Organizational Frames for Professional Claims
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2008.9.001openalex-snapshot
Compañías militares privadas: hacia la transformación del estado y la nueva gerencia pública de la seguridad
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2014.26.006openalex-snapshot
¿Globalizando África? Observaciones desde un continente incómodo
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Companhias de segurança privada e narrativas de soberania: revisitando a gramática do monopólio estatal do uso da força e da privatização da violência no pós-guerra fria
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War and peace: assessing the impact of PMC's on the outcome of civil conflicts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v4i2.32758openalex-snapshot
Regional Integration and Food Security in West Africa: Challenges, Opportunities and Sustainable Solutions
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-0937openalex-snapshot
The Corporate Citizen and the Sovereign Exception: from 'homo sacer' to 'homo supra'
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3 - Globalization and State–Society Relations in Africa
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203375341openalex-snapshot
Commercialising Security in Europe
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203493175openalex-snapshot
Africa in International Politics: External Involvement on the Continent
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203748206openalex-snapshot
International Relations: The Key Concepts
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203859483.ch21openalex-snapshot
Commercial Security Practices
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203866764.ch18openalex-snapshot
The privatization of international security
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.52781/cmm.e016openalex-snapshot
O Impacto das Empresas Militares Privadas nas Operações Militares
inferred← citeshttps://doi.org/10.5282/ubm/epub.20832openalex-snapshot
How Blackwater Takes Uncle Sam for a Ride - and Why He Likes It
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Bibliographie/Bibliography
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Die Privatisierung der Sicherheit. Private Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmen in den internationalen Beziehungen
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When things fell apart: state failure in late-century Africa
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